Oscar I of Karnia-Ruthenia

Oscar I (German: Oskar I, Hungarian: I. Oszkár, Croatian: Oskar I, Czech: Oskar I, Slovenian: Oskar I, Romanian: Oskar I), is the Emperor-King of Karnia-Ruthenia and Occidian Emperor, among several other positions. He was born in São Paulo to a relatively modest family of Hungarian origin from minor nobility and rose to prominence when he became King of Ruthenia, succeeding his father, in the micronation he founded on 19 November 2014 and what would become, in 2016, the Karno-Ruthenian Empire, one of the most successful micronations of its time. Although largely considered to be conservative, Oscar spent his early reign promoting democracy through legislation in his domains. He changed the course of Ruthenia, created to be an absolute monarchy, to turn the micronation into a constitutional monarchy. During his reign, Ruthenia witnessed a steady expansion, comprising several micronational projects which gave varying degrees of autonomy, reaching its apex in the signing of the Karno-Ruthenian Compromise of 2016, hence assuming the Imperial Crown of Karnia and transforming the Kingdom of Ruthenia into the Karno-Ruthenian Empire under his Dual Monarchy. On 07 August 2020, he also became the sovereign of the North American Confederation, later reformed into the Occidian Empire. By this measure, Oscar is known as the only sovereign of two empires at the same time, something only achieved macronationally by Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. He also served as the first Defender of the Imperial Circle following its establishment in 2020, is a leading figure of the Brazilian sector and one of the founders of the Conference of Santiago.

Early Life
Oscar was born on 14 August 1991, in Notrê-Dâme Hospital, in São Paulo, Brazil. He was the only child of the Archduke Ari, at that time a prince descendant of Crusader nobility and Archduchess Denise, member of an old aristocratic Hungarian family, in a period where the Royal Family did not rule a micronation, but functioned as a Sovereign House. His father was son of Archduke Francis and Archduchess Judith. As a son of a Prince of Ruthenia, Oscar was styled "His Highness, Prince Oscar of Ruthenia" at birth, but during adolescence, he stopped using his father's family title in favour of his maternal family's title, "His Grace, the Count von Goëtzën", arguing that he is the oldest and last surviving member of the family of his mother and therefore the only possible heir to the title. He was baptised at St. Stephen of Hungary's Church on 1996. His godparents were Prince Alexander Fejes and Princess Rosalia Fejes. Oscar grew up in far from Alto da Solidão, the former capital of his future kingdom. He attended Mário de Andrade High School and the Mogi das Cruzes Law University, graduating in 2013. He used to be described as someone interested in History and someone who likes the exercise of leadership. His maternal family was composed by European immigrants, who raised him linked to European reality, especially the Hungarian culture. He is able to speak Portuguese, English and understand French, Spanish and German.

Early Micronational Life
He join his first micronation in 2009, the Lusophone and simulationist Kingdom of France, where he used an alias to be a soldier and a Chevalier of Order of Joan d'Arc. There, he understands how it worked the political simulation within a micronation. Two months later, Oscar had to leave micronational activity but kept in touch with micronationalists he had known. He left it for the Kingdom of Guanabara, a short lived micronation celebrated by the media, where he was the Minister of Communications and Editor of the "Voice of Guanabara". The project became extinct three months later. After a hiatus, he join the equally lusophone ans simulationist Kingdom of Italy, where he was Minister of Immigration and Social Integration. He faced problems with the aristocracy as minister, as second Oscar would report later, he felt that "the law did not apply to the King's friends, especially if it was a noble". At that time, Oscar would envision a micronational project, which would later be the Kingdom of Ruthenia. During a brief experience, he was Austro-Hungarian Emperor in a Anglophone simulationist country, that was not well accepted and which ended with his reign in a few days. Despite his knowledge of simulationists micronations, he became a trully and independent sovereign of a secessionist micronational project.

Crown Prince of Ruthenia
He and his father acquired some properties in northeast of Brazil, where his family used to retain some prerrogatives and influence among the locals. Enjoying the opportunity, he estabilish the Kingdom of Ruthenia and in the following days after he took his new royal title, he created ministeries, government agencies, a flag, a coat of arms, the General Assembly and estabilish friendly relationship with several micronations around the world. The kingdom derives its name from the ancestry people of his mother's family and was never challenged by subjects, although some foreign criticism. The idea of the name, far beyond its beautiful sound, would come from the fact that the mother of the king, the Archduchess Denise, have Hungarian and Ruthenian ancestry. In ancestral land of his paternal family, a micronation was built with influences of his maternal family. For a few months, there was some confusion on who would have been the first king. The Royal House, on 30 March 2015, decided that his father, the then Duke Ari, was the first King for a few hours, making Oscar, officially, the second King of Ruthenia.



King of the Ruthenians
The first months of his reign were turbulent. The state of near civil war between the English and Portuguese-speaking micronationalists nearly ruined the kingdom, since in the end the warring members of the government were expelled from the micronation, emptying the micronational project in its infancy and culminating in a Royal Dictatorship that ended only with the promulgation of a constitution that turned the Ruthenia in a democracy. Later, it was joked that the Ruthenian Constitution of 2015, have been based in the Russian Constitution of 1906, Ruthenia ceased to be a "potentially Autocratic Monarchy" to become a "Constitutional Monarchy governed by an Autocratic Monarch". Nevertheless, Oscar ruled moderately and with deep respect to the General Assembly's decisions. With the government's stabilization, Oscar began to enjoy a certain prestige and is widely decorated by various micronations and succeeding in being recognized by important micronations. It also occurs throughout his reign, some invitations to be crowned monarch of other micronations. His reign was essential to make Ruthenia, even young, a thriving micronation, with solid foundations and freedoms guaranteed by a constitution, a civil code and a penal code, respecting international agreements, the most famous with the Antarctic Micronational Union after the annexation of the Grand Duchy of Gaussland and banning totalitarian doctrines in Ruthenian territory, like Fascism and Communism, which was an ardent opponent. During his first year of reign, the Duchy of Libertia was united to Ruthenia. He also faced and was triumphant against the attempted coup d'état in October 2015 and is widely recognized for his personal diplomacy, almost always successful.

Emperor of Badakistan and King of Bessabia
During the first half of 2015, the experienced Brazilian micronationalist Filipe Machado and Oscar of Ruthenia informally started to talk about systems of government, its practical application, the appearance of a micronation, its location and the policies that should be implemented in short and long term to a project flow properly between Portuguese-speakers micronationalists, especially the Brazilians. When Filipe Machado left the project which he participated, Oscar of Ruthenia was quick to offer their ideas as the starting point for a new project. This resulted in the foundation of the State of Bessabia, which would be part of the Kingdom of Ruthenia, but would be focused on Portuguese and Brazilian micronations, featuring high degree of autonomy, including diplomatic freedom, albeit under supervision and judge of Ruthenia. Thus, when the State of Bessabia was founded, the crown was offered to the King of Ruthenia, whose first official act was the signing of a Bessabian Constitution and the appointment of Filipe Machado as Minister-President, the Head of Government of the new kingdom. Less than a month after the annexation of Bessabia, one of the biggest allies of Ruthenia between the Portuguese-speaking micronations, the Badakistan, went into a dizzying dismantling of democracy and disappearance of micronational activity. In this scenario, the Ruthenian diplomacy interfered in the case and through intense negotiations, the King of Ruthenia became, on 20 September, the Emperor of Badakistan. Two weeks later, Badakistan would absorb the Bessabian claim and unify their projects. Despite Emperor Oscar's reign have been relatively successful and well accepted by most reputable micronations, he was a highly unpopular monarch. His subjects rejected him to see he was a foreigner who did not identify himself with the micronation and who cared about the Anglophone sector, more than the Lusophone. Between the end of November and the first week of December of 2015, the political situation was unsustainable. The return of former monarch Jaffar Sheri brought concerns and uncertainties. Willing to regain the throne, he sought the support of other micronations and garnered support among the aristocracy and the military. Anticipating the coup through informations from the Ruthenian Secret Service, the Emperor decreed the dissolution of the Majlis, the parliament and took upon himself the command of the armed forces. Provided with dictatorial powers, Oscar contacted the Stadhouder of the United Provinces of Mauricia to hand over sovereignty over the territory, ending the Badakistan as an independent and sovereign micronation. A union treaty was signed in the last hours of the 08 December 2015. The Badakistan became a province of a traditional Brazilian micronation and the then Emperor, deprived of his power, assumed the title of "Hereditary Lord of Badakistan Lands".

King of Acrin
The first micronation to recognize the Kingdom of Ruthenia and therefore the reign of Oscar I was the Kingdom of Acrin, which had been founded a few days before, on 04 November 2014. During the first four months of existence, the King and his government were devoted to foreign relations, the formulation of their national symbols, which suffered greatly Ruthenian influence and attempts to attract investment and establish connections with other micronations, misguided attitudes that made the inexperienced government of the time lose much of their enthusiasm and credibility. Over the next eight months, no activity was observed and the Ruthenian Government, the greatest ally of Acrin at the time, issued an ultimatum: either Acrin answer their messages within one month counting of that date, or the King of the Ruthenians, as Aristocratic Chieftain of the Clan of Acrin, would claim the throne for himself. There was no answer. In the words of King Eitan himself when he made the King of the Ruthenians the Aristocratic Cheftain of the Clans of Acrin, he explained that "You lead all the families as one aristocrat". Based on this interpretation, Oscar of Ruthenia not only was the last active Acrinian noble, as was also responsible for leading the nobility of Acrin. Thus, with the government abandoned, it would be an obligation of Ruthenians to protect the micronation. Through a special decree of 15 December 2015, Oscar of Ruthenia dethroned King Eitan, granting to him, however, the title of Prince Szteinbaum. In the same act, he removed the entire autonomy of Acrin, making the kingdom a little more than a Ruthenian province. Other executive acts were issued by the new king, who ordered new flag, new coat of arms, new capital and advertising his rise, which was greeted with enthusiasm in Ruthenia.

Principality of Carpathia
On early October 2015, the Emperor of Pavlov and Oscar of Ruthenia talked about the Romanian culture and means to promote it, especially among micronationalists who identify with the aforementioned culture. The idea took shape at the end of the month, when Pavlov founded the Principality of Carpathia, with the two monarchs as co-Domnitori. . On 24 October 2015, Oscar told to Pavlovians that that day "should be remembered as the Day of the Ruthenian-Pavlovian Friendship". On 22 November 2015, the Household of His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of Pavlov, announced that 2016 shall be the year of Pavlovian-Ruthenian Friendship. The first event of the Year of Ruthenian-Pavlovian Fiendship was the creation of a common decoration in the Principality of Carpathia, the Order of St. Daniil Sihastrul on 13 January 2016. The approach between the two micronations was reinforced in general, but the celebrations itself decreased exponentially as the two micronations went through major internal changes. On 09 July 2016, the Household of Their Royal Highness-es the Co-Domnitori Alexander XII and Oscar I, has announced that the Domnitor Oscar abdicated from the Princely throne of the Carpathia leaving the throne solely to Alexander XII. This was done as a part of the Treaty of Alexandrești, signed by the two co-Domnitori, by which the Carpathia would become a constituent state of the Karno-Ruthenian Empire. On 10 October 2016, the Prince informed the Emperor-King the desire to secede the principality from the Empire. The request was accepted and made official by the Imperial Decree n. 049-2016. That was the beginning of the estrangement between the Empire and Russian micronationalists.

Emperor of Karnia and the Compromise of 2016
After several problems to establish a functioning government, a constitution, and especially in achieving recognition of other micronations, the government of the Empire of Karnia realized a micronational project was much more difficult to develop than they would have imagined. When the Kingdom of Ruthenia offered the necessary help, they accepted enthusiastically. For weeks, while governments and their sovereigns approached, the Ruthenian government provided help, teaching from the writing of decrees to the making of national symbols. They guided the creation of a page on Facebook and Twitter, as well as the material to be presented, but nothing was successful. With the break between the Kaiser and the Minister-President caused precisely by disagreements about the conduct of government, the government of Karnia requested Ruthenian intervention. The cost of this intervention to save the newly created project was to deliver the Imperial Crown to the King of the Ruthenians. In return, the project would be expanded and be at par with the Kingdom of Ruthenia. The result of this negotiation was the Karno-Ruthenian Compromise of 2016. Under the terms of the Compromise, Karnia and Ruthenia would maintain separate parliaments each with its own prime minister under a single monarch. In the Ruthenian half, the King-appointed Government would be responsible only to the Parliament instead of the King, which gave Ruthenian a great amount of autonomy, especially in internal matters. In the Karnian half, however, the Emperor would have the power to both appoint and dismiss its Prime Minister and cabinet members. The monarch's common government, in which its ministers were appointed by the Monarch and responsible to him, had the responsibility for the armed forces, foreign policy and for the customs union. During the negotiations of the Compromise, a personal union between the Kingdom of Ruthenia and the Kingdom of Horvatia was established. This made the Ruthenian State much larger than the Karnian State, which imposed a dominant position of Cismare over Transmare. Soon after the signing, the minorities of the empire (Acrinians and Horvatians mainly) demanded the Imperial and Royal Government to grant privileges and favors to balance the autonomy of the members of the empire. On May 2016, the Grand Duchy of Letzembourg joined the Empire, followed by the Duchy of Romitria, the Duchy of Argadia and the Principality of Carpathia. On July, Romitria and Carpathia left the Empire. During this period, the Empire's relationship with Francophone micronations was at its peak and was shown to be advantageous to the Empire. On 23 September 2016, after negotiations that lasted about a week, the Kingdom of Cumagne became a state of the Empire after the signing of the Treaty of Nison, transforming the empire into a multicultural state. Within the Empire, the forces of opposition to the Dual Monarchy lost their disposition, leading to the creation of the Tsechian Federation, a micronation composed mostly of Ethnic Czechs who refused Oscar I as their king, despite joining the Empire. The number of citizens grew little, but guaranteed a place for another culture within the Empire, making more heterogeneous the ethnic composition of Karnia-Ruthenia. However, agreements reached between Karnians and the Emperor-King made it possible for a small portion of the territory to be under direct domination of the Empire - the Duchy of Taschen - only as a "moderating protection" if necessary. Oscar was made Duke of Taschen and Heir to the Throne of Tsechia on 13 February 2017 with the intervention of Archduke Anton on his behalf.

Reign after the Compromise
After the stabilization of his reign as Emperor in a process that went through the annexation of Argadia, Appinfeldt and Tsechia after the Antonian Revolution and other internal and external destabilization attempts such as the Lundener Civil War and the 2017 Karno-Ruthenian coup d'état attempt, his rule was quite peaceful and proved to be of great prestige, participating on behalf of the Empire of the Congress of Colo, the Micronational Republican Forum and other events, but also with expressive achievements, such as the Reconquest of Carpathia and the strengthening of democratic institutions - especially the Constitutional Commission and its new constitution, which he favored. On 2018, he was one of the outstanding figures of the 2018 Micronational Summit of São Paulo. He strongly favored foreign policy, participating in micronational congresses such as the aforementioned Micronational Summit of São Paulo, but also of the II Micronational Republican Forum, favored the participation of the Empire in sports championships like the 2018 Lusophone Micronations World Cup and maintained the initiative of approaching promising micronations, especially in America and obtaining great successes, like the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of Quixotica and being the first foreign head of state to receive a national honor. Between October 2017 and February 2018, his reign passed through the troubled period known as Malaise de Cumagne, a scandal whose purpose was to demoralize him and remove him from the throne. The event, culminating in the Juznoslavia War, was settled in time without further damage and tried by the Imperial Supreme Court, where the traitor was convicted and went into exile. After the scandal, he devoted himself more firmly to the administration and foreign policy, and the entry into the Empire of a citizen of Japanese origin, Carl, Count Rostrand, was providential to realize one of the greatest expansionist contracts of the history of the Empire. With the signing of the Treaty of Hakodate, the Empire now finally extended to Asia. On July 2018, had to use his constitutional prerogatives to depose the Prince of Scotia, reorganizing the administrative divisions and merging the principality to Appinfeldt, creating the Grand Duchy of Nordinsel. On 01 August 2018, at a time when he enjoyed international prestige and a more stable phase of his reign in Karnia-Ruthenia, his first micronational project was restored as Kingdom of Eslavija and the Crown was offered to him. The affirmative answer came exactly nine years after the founding of the proto-state which originated in Eslavija and that was his first action in micronationalism. However, conditions were imposed on both sides. On the part of the Eslavijan government, the imposition is that the kingdom never would be absorbed by the Empire. On the part of the restored king, is that his reign would be provisional, with the intention of organizing the state, preserve its history and appoint a worthy successor for the future. Both sides accepted these conditions. On 23 January 2019, Oscar met with the micronational German Emperor Wilhelm III and the Stadhouder Lucas of the United Provinces of Mauricia. It was the first major micronational event of that year and one of the most relevant, despite the absence of formalities. It was an event with some of the biggest leaders in the Lusophone sector, the so-called "G3". Later, on 13 March, a dinner was offered in honor of the illustrious national hero, Duke Lucas of Albuquerque. In lively conversation, the bonds between the United Provinces of Mauricia and the Empire solidified. That was the first micronational visit to occur in Great Persenburg. On 30 January 2019, due the Treaty of Libenstein, Oscar I ceded Hakodate to become territory of Cardonia, that in turn was annexed by the Empire. For compensation for this "loss of territory", was ceded to him the former royal titles of "Grand Duke of Leuvenberg and of Strena", and the newly-created title of "Protector of Cardonia". From December 2018 until March 2019, plans were made between the Duke of Daugavia, Oscar I and the Prince Karácsony-Maryen to establish an institute of culture or an university. The result of this effort was the creation of the Imperial and Royal Academy of Geographical and Social Studies, an university dedicated to studies of micronationalism and Karno-Ruthenian history. The decree that founded it also established the guidelines of education and was the first of its kind in the Empire. On 05 September 2019, Oscar I divorced Paloma of Mortenfeudt. She gave up her titles and positions and emigrated. Archduchess Denise assumed many of her duties at the Imperial Court. Later that year, he earned a postgraduation degree in Digital Law and Compliance by the Educational Complex Damasio, a prestigious college of law. On 22 February 2020, he abdicated as King of Eslavija, the micronation he founded on 07 August 2009, being succeed by Alexander II, formerly a citizen of Karnia-Ruthenia in a peaceful agreement. As a result, although active in the Lusophone sector, Oscar I would dedicate himself exclusively to derivatist micronationalism, becoming the main patron of several new projects in this micronational tradition among Portuguese-speaking micronationalists. On 03 March 2020, Oscar I claimed the patronage of the Equestrian Order of Saint Thomas, a dormant micronational order that aimed to unite the Catholic members of the micronational community and to support and promote Catholic micronationalism. He then transformed the order into a private association of faithful and started to become a Catholic leader within micronational movement. This movement towards Catholic issues led him to meet with the Micronational Catholic Church, a group of Brazilian micronationalists who, in canonical terms, founded a lay apostolate founded in 1997, with authorization from the Catholic Church. The monarch's dedication and fervor guaranteed him the micronational use of the style of Apostolic Majesty. By the end of February 2020, after traditional micronationalists from Brazil started expose criticism on derivatism practice as “ignorant” and “dishonest”, a cision in the sector was eminent. Far beyond promoting derivatism among Brazilian aspirants to micronational practice, the derivatist micronationalists in Brazil intended to establish good terms with each other, in contrast to the rivalry of Brazilian micronations at the time and to present themselves to the other micronational sectors as a variant of Lusophone sector, a more friendly and open to micronational practices enshrined in the rest of the world. The Lusophone sector of micronationalism is known for modelism and simulationism, being the only micronational sector where this segment is the majority. Dissent to this current is usally ostracized and harassed. Thus, considering the Lusophonia a “closed system”, some derivatists projects noted they should organized themselves like other sectors, based this time not only on language, but also on geography and to establish more active relations with other linguistic and geographic sectors. The beggining of this cision within Portuguese-speaking micronationalism started in a conversation that happened on 12 March 2020 between the Emperor of Karnia-Ruthenia and the Queen of Manso, the leaders of the most successful derivative projects of Brazilian origin. The result of this conversation was the Treaty of Persenburg and the creation of the Brazilian Micronationalism group on Facebook. Most of the members were made up of micronationalists whose projects were of recent foundation, most had acquired experience in simulationist micronationalism, had contact with the foreign micronational movement, especially the English-speaking micronations, the called “Anglophone sector”, and were sympathetic to the ideas of creating their projects with based on the Montevideo Convention of 1933, which led to the signing of the Protocol of Goetha. Sooner after sign the Treaty of Persenburg, the Kingdom of Manso sought to alter its content, promoting that the treaty should not ordain on a derivatist micronation's relation with micronations of other kind. They presented a version of the text to appreciation by the treaty's signatories, but as they were all in consent that the text should not be altered, their presentation was promptly ignored and eventually dismissed. This led Manso to move away from the treaty and sector, removing itself in 12 April 2020. With the attacks against the Treaty of Persenburg signatories growing violently, King Thomas I of Quinta Velha designed an Intermicronational organization made up of derivatists to act cohesively on the matter, so on 7 April he drafted the Treaty of Santiago and presented it to all nations in accordance to the Treaty of Persenburg's original terms. As soon as the Ebenthal became the last founding-signatory to ratify the treaty on 12 April, its content was published and the next day the first Conference of Santiago summit was held in Persenburg. With the Conference of Santiago publicly created, the Mansean goverment, siding with the other pseudo-micronations, started to attack the Conference members, arguing that the Treaty of Santiago was developed in the darkness and that the Manso wasn't invited for a treaty they "would accept". Aiming to resolve the disputes, King Arthur II of Ebenthal, Regent Cesar of the Lateran States and Queen Maria of Sildavia offered to talk with the Mansean monarch and representants, but they accused the Conference members of betrayal and the summit was over. Meanwhile, the organization received mostly a positive reaction, speacially in the worldwide micronational community. The Grand Duke Niels I of Flandrensis personally praised attitude and the Conference of Santiago's ultimate goal of promote actual micronationalism as officialy defined in dictionaires among the Lusophone and Brazilian sectors; Premier Thomas Frank Falesnik of the Gymnasium State congratulated the organization and laid ground for the realization of accordances between the Brazilian sector and his native Czech sector; Carlo, Prince of Nossia welcomed the organization as a turning point in recent South American micronationalism (the Principality of Nossia ultimatelly joined the Conference); former Emperor Wilhelm I of the North American Confederation saw the organization as a model to be followed in North America; Nicholas Randouler, Prince of Posaf, commended the Conference on being a cohesive and proffessional intermicronational organization; The House of Mithras praised the Conference and most specially its developing economic system, showing interest in take part on it. Many other micronationalists around the world showed support for the organization. Months following its foundation, the Conference of Santiago signed treaties with beyond-sea micronations, sectors and organizations.

Personal Union and Occidian Throne
On 07 August 2020, an agreement between Karnia-Ruthenia and the North American Confederation, with the consent of the Grand Republic of Delvera has been completed to set the nation on a brand new course. That day, at 3:00pm, Emperor William I signed the "Act of Abdication and Viceroyalty" formally relinquishing his position as North American Emperor and Senior King in the Confederation. He has named Oscar I as his successor to both positions. Emperor Oscar has agreed to the arrangement and it was hoped that this change would enable stronger ties between the Confederation, Delvera and Karnia-Ruthenia. On October 2020, the Oscarine Constitution was promulgated, and this is the effective start of "Oscarine Era", a term coined by Joseph Marx to depict his reign. The Oscarine Constitution also reformed the Confederation into the Occidian Empire in a major attempt to restore historical elements from New European and North American periods, like the Imperial Forces of Defense and the participation of Occidia in international iniciatives, like the Montediszamble Convention. During this period from 2020 and 2021, several actions were carried in order to promote a major integration between Occidia and Delvera. The period is also marked by a major revision of national history, which has as important moments the end of the Ungerecht War and the unification of Eniarku to Occidia. On 10 June 2021, upon reception of the eloquently penned "Petition to the Delveran Nation" on 08 June 2021, a nationalistic message delivered to Delvera on their foundation day asking for the special grant of Delveran citizenship to no longer rule Occidia as a foreign monarch and to push Delvera to a more participative activity in micronational scenario, Oscar I, Occidian Emperor, became a Delveran citizen by unanimous acclamation of the Chamber of Deputies and strong popular support.

Head of the Conference of Santiago and dynastic union
More than a year after the foundation of the Brazilian sector and the Conference of Santiago, the prestige of the organization forced members to rethink the structure, and they decided to open the Conference to foreign micronations around the world. If in practice it ceased to be a regional organization, on the other hand it was successful in expanding the influence of South American micronations around the world. In 19 August 2021, it was published the new statute and, for the attribution of the first term of Secretary General of the Conference of Santiago, the chosen one was Emperor Oscar. Hesitant to assume the position, during his tenure he promoted the adjustment of central points of the Conference so that they could function under the terms of the Statute, while lending the organization his personal prestige as guarantor of the good functioning of the entity and the seriousness of its members. He was substituted by Arthur II, King of Ebenthal on 01 January 2021. Meanwhile, fate was preparing curious moves, uniting Oscar I with the natural cousin of another great Brazilian micronationalist, Prince Lucas VIII of Woestein, the Stadhouder of the United Provinces of Mauritia. By chance, the Emperor and Infanta Maria Isabel Haiane met and soon discovered that they had a famous acquaintance in common. With her cousin's support, they married within micronational law on 26 August   and Oscar I adopted Maria Isabel's daughter, Infanta Alice two days later. It was the first union between natural members of micronational dynasties that was known in history. While promoting the Empire and his expansion with the annexation of Delvera and Eminia, his reputation increased abroad, being recalled as a "benchmark micronational leader in Latin America". On 21 February 2022, the Imperial Circle was dissolved by the III Legislature of the Imperial Diet, what may have been inspired by the annexations within the Empire, much more profitable then mere association.

Portrayals in literature
Emperor Oscar appears as a fictional character in Richard Storry 's novel A Hoard of Treasures (2018) and its sequel, A Conflict of Loyalties (2019).

Alternative Titles and Styles

 * 14 August 1991 – 18 November 2014: His Grace, Count von Götzö.
 * 19 November 2014 - 20 November 2014: His Royal Highness, Crown Prince and Grand Duke of Ruthenia.
 * 20 November 2014 - 10 March 2016: His Majesty, the King of the Ruthenians.
 * 20 September 2015 - 08 December 2015: His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of Badakistan.
 * 29 August 2015 - 08 December 2015: His Royal Majesty, the King of Bessabia.
 * 24 October 2015 - 07 July 2016: His Royal Highness, the Domnitor of the Carpathia.
 * 15 December 2015 - 10 March 2016: His Royal Majesty, the King of Acrin.
 * 10 March 2016 - 07 March 2020: His Imperial and Royal Majesty, the Emperor of Karnia and King of Ruthenia.
 * 07 August 2018 - 29 February 2020: His Royal Majesty, the King of Eslavija.
 * 07 March 2020 - present: His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, the Emperor of Karnia and King of Ruthenia.
 * 07 August 2020 - 30 September 2020: His Imperial Majesty, the North American Emperor.
 * 01 October 2020 - present: His Imperial Majesty, the Occidian Emperor and King of Eniarku.

Full titles as King until 2016
His Royal Majesty, Oscar the First, by the Grace of God, King of the Ruthenians, King of Acrin, King of Bessabia, Domnitor of the Carpathia, Grand Duke of Gaussland and Grand Duke of Escandia, Prince de Thomaz-Rocha, Prince of North America, Grand Duke of Grevenia and Caledonia, Count of Bihar, Duke of Persenburg-Götzödorf, Lord of Alto da Solidão, Hereditary Prince of Água Branca and Other Domains, Prince of the Land of St. Stephen and Duke of the Land of St. Peter and St. Paul, Marquis of Arpuro, Despot of Halych, Grand Duke of Imvrassia, Baron von Goëtzën of Abeldane, Hereditary Lord of the Badakistani Lands and Grand-Master of Royal Order of St. Stephen and of the Orders of St. Peter and St. Paul.

Full titles as Emperor-King
His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, Oscar the First, by the Grace of God, Emperor of Karnia and King of Ruthenia, King of Bessabia, King of Acrin, King of Horvatia, Szolnók, Geza, Letingia, Escandia, King of Jestia, etc.; Archduke of Karnia, Grand Duke of Gaussland, Caledonia; Duke of Ladislavia, Hoheneinsamkeit, Weißeswasser, Csorna, Chedowski, Balaton; Grand Prince of Karcag, Margrave of Luftrein, Duke of Persenburg, Götzödorf, Mohács, Pannonhalm, Podenbrad, Gyalla, Oswiencin, Zallanta, Cieszpreg, Fertodin, Rugoz, Árpád; Princely Count of Bihar, Tamaz, Koberg, Gerizia, Grevênia; Prince of Thomaz-Rocha, Bersód; Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusitia; Count of Heves, Feldkirchenberg, Brevento, Szentes, etc.; Lord of Fürstenbergserdboden, Kazin, etc., etc. etc.

Honors




















Karno-Ruthenian decorations

 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Sovereign of the Order of the Edelweiss.
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Grand Collar of the Royal Order of Ruthenian Eagle.
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Grand Master of the Royal Order of St. Stephen.
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Grand Master of the Most Noble Order of St. Peter.
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Grand Master of the Most Excellent Order of St. Paul.
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Sovereign of the Order of the Lion.
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Sovereign of the Order of St. George.
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Grand Cross of the Order of Royal House of Ruthenia.
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Grand Cross of the Order of Ruthenian Crown.
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Grand Cross of the Order of Ruthenian Star.
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png LetzemburgFlagCivil.png Grand Cross of Letzembourg.
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Civil flag of Horvatia.png Grand Cross of the Order of Ottokar
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Civil flag of Cumagne.png Great Dignatary of the Order of the Crown of Cumagne
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Carpathia_Flag.png Sovereign of the Order of St. Daniil Sihastrul. (extinct)
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png bandeirabadakhshan.png Grand Master of the Imperial Order of the Jasmine. (extinct)
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png bandeirabadakhshan.png Grand Master of the Imperial Order of Lotus. (extinct)
 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Civil flag of Cumagne.png Grand Master of the Royal Order of St. Luke the Evangelist

Occidian decorations

 * NACFlag2019.png Sovereign and Master of the Order of the White Lion.
 * NACFlag2019.png Sovereign of the Order of North America.
 * NACFlag2019.png Sovereign of the Wilhelmine Order.
 * NACFlag2019.png Master of the Cross of Independence.
 * NACFlag2019.png Master of the Service Medal.
 * NACFlag2019.png Master of the Medal for Military Valor.
 * NACFlag2019.png Master of the Honor Cross.

Foreign decorations

 * Bandeira-do-Reino-da-Guanabara.jpg of Gloria.
 * Bandeira-do-Reino-da-Guanabara.jpgnder of the Order of Phoenix.
 * acrin3.png Aristocratic Chieftain of the Clans of Acrin.
 * Flag of Myrotania.jpg Knight of the Most Excellent and Imperial Order of the Yellow Dragons of Myrotania
 * HarenfallFlag.png Knight of the Order of the Rose of Harenfall.
 * [[file:LundenwicFlag.png|border|25px|Grand Duchy of Lundenwic]] Officer of the Most Honourable Order of Lundenwic.
 * [[file:Unironic_flag.png|border|25px|Unironic Empire]] Knight of 1st Class of the Order of the Golden Dragon of Unironic Empire.
 * munkeia.jpg Knight of the Order of The Five Pointed Star. (rejected)
 * Newlibertia.png Knight of the Order of the Black Griffin.
 * Newlibertia.png Marquis of Arpuro.
 * Flag of Savage.png Duke of Grand Savage. (relinquished)
 * [[file:10978625_427400660762250_3097795300015105768_n.png|border|25px|Grand Duchy of Petroburg]] Grand Collar of the Order of the Trident.
 * ImvrassiaFlag.png Kouropalates of Imvrassia.
 * AbeldaneFlag.jpg Grand Knight of the Imperial and Royal Most Excellent Order of the Imperium Abludum.
 * AbeldaneFlag.jpg Knight Penguin Commander of the Order of the Emperor Penguin.
 * AbeldaneFlag.jpg Knight Commander of the Order of St. Bartholomew.
 * KaleidoFlag.png Commander of 3rd Rank of the Order of Andres Bonifacio.
 * AbeldaneFlag.jpg Baron von Goëtzën of Abelden (abolished)
 * AbeldaneFlag.jpg Marquis of Russendorf
 * PavlovFlag.png Prince de Thomaz-Rocha (abolished).
 * kingdomofcorsica.png Knight in the Grand Order of the Syracusan Knights. (rejected)
 * EOST-flag2020.png Principal Patron of the Equestrian Order of Saint Thomas.
 * 1FlagofMimasNYASTE.jpg Commander 1st Class of the Order of Saturn.
 * Surland.png |Medal Medal of Recognition of Surland.
 * ParaviaFlag.jpg Knight of the Order of the Imperial Star.
 * PavlovFlag.jpg Despot of Halych (abolished).
 * Surland.png |Diplomacy Diplomacy Medal of Surland.
 * Brigantia.png Commander of the Royal Order of Mandela.
 * ONGAL FLAG.jpg Baron of Ongal-Ruthenia-Carpathia.
 * Mauricia.png Commander of the Regal National Order of Schkoppe.
 * North American Union flag.png Prince of North America.
 * Image484.png Knight of the Order of King Henry the Lion.
 * [[file:LundenwicFlag.png|border|25px|Grand Duchy of Lundenwic]] Knight Commander of the Most Gracious Order of the Marquis.
 * [[file:Newlibertia.png|border|25px|Duchy of Libertia]] Grand Officer of the Artistic Order of the Golden Sphere.
 * Aiguesmortes.png Commander of the Princely Order of the Saint-Louis Academy.
 * Flaggyflag.png Recipient of the Order of Raymond V.
 * Flag of the House of Pyrus-Arancio.png Grand Officer of the Order of Pyrus-Arancio.
 * Vlag.jpg Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Melting Mountain. (first time)
 * Mahus.png King's Day List of Honour.
 * ShorewellFlag.png Recipient of the Order of Peace. (rejected)
 * ShorewellFlag.png Duke of Shorewell.
 * VA Flag.png Knight First Class of the National Order of Nganga.
 * Bandera_del_Plata.png Duke of Sasso-Koharové.
 * Esse flag.png Knight of the Order of Saint Clemens.
 * Flag of Ashukovo.png Recipient of the Presidential Award of Merit and Honour of Ashukovo.
 * Flag of Ashukovo.png MouziloFlag.png Recipient of the Order of the Double Headed Eagle.
 * Bandera_del_Plata.png Duke of Penteuèvre and Monpensièr.
 * Maryen-Flag.png Count of La Paz.
 * Quailiaflag.jpg Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Imperial Crown.
 * KaleidoFlag.png Grand Collar of the Order of Andres Bonifacio.
 * Mauricia.png Knight of the Order of Golden Fleece.
 * Flag_County_of_Horne_and_Haar.png Knight of the Order of the Silver Lion.
 * Flag RUPA.png Viscount of Saint Paul of the Fields of Piratininga.
 * Flag RUPA.png Knight of the Most Serene Order of St. Mark.
 * Roschfallen Flag.png Grand Cross of the Most Serene Order of the Magnum Heart.
 * Roschfallen Flag.png Grand Cross of the Most Serene Order of Vissen the Mad.
 * Flag German Empire.png Freiherr von Százhalombatta. (relinquished)
 * Flag-BukovenianRepublic.png Honorary Citizen of the Bucovenian Republic.
 * Bandeira_de_Nossia_-_2018.png Grand Cross of the Order of the Fair and Most Serene Crown of Nossia.
 * QuixoticaFlag.png Knight of the Order of Saint Brendan the Navigator.
 * Flagofdelvera.jpg Congressional Medal of Micronational Advancement.
 * Flag of Lochaber.jpg Knight of the Order of the Goddess. (relinquished)
 * Flag of Lochaber.jpg Marquis of Grenadier. (relinquished)
 * GlencoeFlag.png Knight of the Order of Ferreira. (relinquished)
 * GlencoeFlag.png Baron of Figuier. (relinquished)
 * DeltarianFlag.png Dignitary of Royal Order of the Black Eagle of Deltaria.
 * Bandeira-Eslavia.png Sovereign of the Order of Saint Prince Lazarus. (abolished)
 * Bandeira-Eslavia.png Sovereign of the Order of the White Eagle. (abolished)
 * Bandeira-Eslavia.png Sovereign of the Order of St. Peter of Cetinje. (abolished)
 * Bandeira-Eslavia.png Sovereign of the Order of the Black Eagle. (abolished)
 * Bandeira-Eslavia.png Sovereign of the Order of Fidelity and Merit. (abolished)
 * Bandeira Manso.png Recipient of the Medal of Pioneers of the Kingdom of Manso. (relinquished)
 * Mauricia.png Count Gőtző de Biharkeresztes.
 * Flag-Kingdom-of-Cardonia.png Recipient of the Order of the Black Eagle.
 * Flag-Kingdom-of-Cardonia.png Grand Duke of Leuvenberg and of Strena.
 * Flag-Kingdom-of-Cardonia.png Protector of Cardonia.
 * Flag German Empire.png Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Iron Cross. (relinquished)
 * Roschfallen Flag.png Grand Cross of the Most Serene Order of the Golden Triumph.
 * Roschfallen Flag.png Grand Cross of the Most Serene Order of the Blue Blood.
 * Bandeira-Nacional-Kespana.png Count of Villena.
 * State-of-Portuvera-Flag.png Honorary Citizen of the State of Portuvera.
 * State-of-Portuvera-Flag.png Merited Heraldist of the State of Portuvera.
 * Montescano-Flag.png Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Dolphin.
 * Mauricia.png Recipient of the Regal Order of Fidelity.
 * Loreiflamme.jpeg Stranger Knight Commander of the Order of the Flame of Lorenzuburg.
 * UKGBNIFlag.png Duke of Ingelger.
 * Flag_of_Ebenthal.png Grand Cross of the Order of the Swiss Prince.
 * Flag_of_Ebenthal.png Grand Cross of the Order of the Silver Cat.
 * Flag of Principality.png Duke of Mauren. (abolished)
 * Flag_of_the_Lateran-States.png Honorary Citizen and Knight of the Lateran Territories.
 * Banderarinoisland.jpg Legion of Honor of the Shark of Rino Island.
 * |border Chairman of Honor of the Conference of Santiago.
 * QuintaVelhaFlag.png Duke of Cabugi.
 * Flag of Lochaber.jpg Officer of the Order of Saints Sylvain and Florian. (relinquished)
 * Mauricia.png Honorary Member of the Maurense Historic and Geographical Institute.
 * QuintaVelhaFlag.png Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Rita of Cascia.
 * Mauricia.png Recipient of the Medal of the Revenge of Burgundy.
 * NoronhaFlag.png Marquis of León.
 * NoronhaFlag.png Grand Cross of the Micronational Order of the Dauphin.
 * Noflag.png Recipient of the Order of Tolba, First Class.
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Honorary Citizen of the State of Vishwamitra.
 * Flag of Sildavia.jpg Stranger Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Black Pelican.
 * Vlag.jpg Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Melting Mountain. (second time)
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Knight of the Most Auspicious Order of the Sanghamitra.
 * Brienian_flag.png Knight of the Order of the Holy Deity.
 * NewLubeniaFlag.png Knight Commander of the Legion of Honor of Lubenia.
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Member Special Class of the Order of Diplomatic Service Merit.
 * Banderarinoisland.jpg Knight Grand Cross of the South.
 * Flag-Luna.png Count of Figueiral.
 * Lostislandflag.jpg Presidential Citation of Merit.
 * 1FlagofMimasNYASTE.jpg Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saturn.
 * VA Flag.png Knight First Class of the Imperial Order of Saint Joachim.
 * PavlovFlag.png Count of Athens.
 * PavlovFlag.png Duke of Tourkia
 * Flag Estados-Hanseaticos-de-Achsen.png Hanseatic Prince, Protector of the Hanseatic and Confederate States of Achsen.
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Grand Commander of the Most Gallant Order of Mahabali Karthika Padaka.
 * RenderfeitFlag.png Recipient of the Cross of Saint Augustine.
 * RenderfeitFlag.png Grand Colonel of the Order of Blue Cross.
 * Rhenish_Flag.png Prince of Pomerode.
 * Flag_of_Sildavia_(2021).png Recipient of the Medal of Foundation of Sildavia.
 * Flag_of_Sildavia_(2021).png Grand Cross of the Order of Sildavian Merit.
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Knight of the Most Esteemed Order of the Royal Family of Kamrupa.
 * SovietiaFlag.png Recipient of the Order of Trotsky.
 * Flag_of_Ebenthal.png Duke of Andrasingen.
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Stranger Knight of the Most Exalted Royal Family Order of Vishwamitra.
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Recipient of the National Service Medal.
 * Flag of Sildavia (2021).png Duke of Ezëzmet.
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Paramdeshabandhu of Vishwamitra.
 * FlagMimas.jpg Commander Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Walpurgis and the Second Monarchy.
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Grand Knight of the Most Noble Royal Family Order of Purvanchal.
 * GlencoeFlag.png Officer of the Order of Desse. (relinquished)
 * TaslaviaFlag3.png Grand Cross of the Order of the Eagle of Taslavia.
 * Flag_of_Ebenthal.png Knight of Ebenthal.
 * Nichensburg_flag.png Knight of the Order of the Golden Wyvern.
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Recipient of the Commemorative Medal of the First Anniversary of the Vishwamitran Monarchy.
 * Flag_of_Snagov.png Member of the Order of the Federation.
 * Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Queensland.png Knight Grand Cordon of the Most Exalted Order of the Helmond Bernhard
 * Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Queensland.png Knight Grand Collar of the Most Noble Order of Queensland Friendship
 * NewLubeniaFlag.png Southern Cross
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Knight Companion of the Most Esteemed Order of the Royal House of Purvanchal
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Member First Class of the Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Beltola
 * Flag_of_the_Cheskgariyan-Litvanian_Commonwealth.png Knight of the Most Auspicious Order of the Cross of Saint Stephen
 * Flag_of_the_Cheskgariyan-Litvanian_Commonwealth.png Member First Class of the Order for Diplomatic Merit
 * Byzantium-Novum-Flag.jpg Great Prince of Byzantium Novum.
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Duke of Szikla
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Knight Grand Cordon of the Most Illustrious Royal Order of the Crown of Vishwamitra
 * Vlag.jpg Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Melting Mountain
 * Flag_of_Ebenthal.png Knight of the Most Noble Order of Pedro II
 * Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Queensland.png Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Royal Family Order of the Crown of Queensland
 * Mauricia.png Infante of Woestein.
 * Mauricia.png Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Chopi Blackbird.
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Commander Grand Cross of the Premier and Exalted Order of Kamrupa.
 * Republic of Istria-flag.png Recipient of the Order of Saint Michael and Gavril.
 * Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Queensland.png Stranger Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Gatfar
 * Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Queensland.png First Class of the Most Exalted Order of the Queenslandian Famous Valour
 * Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Queensland.png Military Grand Cross of the Most Eminent Order of the Queenslandian Military Merit
 * Flag of Sildavia (2021).png Recipient of the Commemorative Medal of the First Queen’s Day.
 * Flag of Sildavia (2021).png Knight of the Imperial Order of the Bordurian Eagle.
 * Personal_Standard_of_Charles_Burgardt.png Knight of the Order of the Sayvillian Lion
 * Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Queensland.png Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Three Builders of Queensland
 * Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Queensland.png Recipient of the 7 Year National and Independence Day Anniversary Medal
 * Flag of the Cheskgariyan-Litvanian Commonwealth.png Stranger Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Crown of Cheskgariya and Litvania
 * Flag of the Cheskgariyan-Litvanian Commonwealth.png Knight of the Most Auspicious Order of the Cross of Saint Stephen
 * Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Queensland.png Knight Grand Collar of The Most Valiant Order of the Loyalty Defender of the State of Carl Gustav City
 * Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Queensland.png Knight Companion of The Most Esteemed Carl Gustav Supreme Order of Merit
 * Mauricia.png Count de la Roche et Szentistvánfehérvár
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Grand Companion of The Most Distinguished Order of the Rajpramukh Dhrubajyoti Roy.
 * Flag of Sildavia (2021).png Recipient of the Commemorative Medal of the Cotton Jubilee.
 * Flag Estados-Hanseaticos-de-Achsen.png Grand Collar of the Royal Order of Aracy.
 * Flag-UPC.png Honorary Citizen of Columbia.
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Member of the Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Madhya Prant.
 * Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Queensland.png Companion of the Good Friendship Service Order
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Civil Service Medal
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Commemorative Medal of the Crystal Jubilee of the Foundation of Vishwamitra
 * VishwamitraFlag2.png Grand Collar of the Most Exalted Royal Family Order of Vishwamitra



Military Command

 * Karniarutheniaflag.png Commander-in-Chief of Imperial and Royal Armed Forces: 10 March 2016 - present
 * I&RKRNavy.png Grand Admiral of Imperial and Royal Navy: 19 November 2014 - present
 * I&RKRArmyFlag2021.png Field Marshal of Imperial and Royal Army: 19 November 2014 - present
 * Roundel of Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops of Karnia-Ruthenia.png Marshal of the Air of Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops: 10 March 2016 - present


 * NACFlag2019.png Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Forces of Defense: 07 August 2020 - 07 January 2022
 * NACFlag2019.png Field Marshal of the Heer: 07 August 2020 - 07 January 2022
 * New Europe Naval jack.png Sea Lord of the Imperial Marine: 07 August 2020 - 07 January 2022
 * NACFlag2019.png Marshal of the Truppen: 07 August 2020 - 07 January 2022

Honorary Appointments

 * [[file:LundenwicFlag.png|border|25px|Imperial Grand Duchy of Lundenwic]] Marshal of the Imperial Armed Forces of Lundenwic: 04 January 2015 - present
 * ImvrassiaFlag.png Domestikos tōn Scholōn of the Imvrassian Royal Guard: 19 April 2016 - present
 * Civil flag of Cumagne.png Colonel of the Royal Army of Cumagne: 22 July 2016 - 25 October 2017
 * Civil flag of Cumagne.png Commander of the Royal Guard of Cumagne: 22 July 2016 - 25 October 2017
 * Bandera_del_Plata.png Colonel-in-chief of the Platine Hussars: 14 August 2017 - 09 May 2018
 * Mauricia.png Colonel of the Royal Army: 20 October 2017 - 06 April 2020
 * Mauricia.png Brigadier of the Royal Army: 06 April 2020 - 13 August 2020
 * BellevueFlag.png Colonel-in-Chief of Serene Guard: 13 December 2017 - present
 * Bandeira_de_Nossia_-_2018.png Brigadier General of the II Brigade of Infantry of the I Prince's Battalion of Marines: 01 April 2018 - present
 * Mauricia.png Major General of the Royal Army: 14 August 2020 - present
 * Flag_of_the_Royal_Vishwamitran_Army.png General of the Royal Vishwamitran Army: 04 August 2021 - present
 * Flag_of_Royal_Queensland_Army.png Field Marshal of Queenslandian Army: 09 September 2021 - present
 * Naval_Ensign_of_the_Kingdom_of_Queensland.png Admiral of the Fleet of Royal Queenslandian Navy: 09 September 2021 - present