Karnia-Ruthenia

Karnia-Ruthenia, officially The Kingdoms and Lands of the Crown of Ruthenia and the Lands Represented in the Council of Karnia and also known by other names and often referred to as the Karno-Ruthenian Empire, is a constitutional monarchy largely based on the culture of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and is located in America, Europe, East Asia and Eastern Antarctica. It was created as a constitutional union of the Kingdom of Ruthenia and the Empire of Karnia, as a result of the Karno-Ruthenian Compromise of 2016  and came into existence on 01 August 2016, when the compromise was ratified by the Imperial and Royal Council. The Empire consists in several territories ruled by royal families. The entire structure of micronational government is inspired by Austria-Hungary, although there is a deep preservation of democratic values and the integration of different micronational projects that coexist harmoniously under the leadership of the Emperor-King. Citizenship can be acquired on its website for free, and political participation is widely encouraged. Diplomacy also has a prominent place in the history of Karnia-Ruthenia and its predecessor, the Kingdom of Ruthenia, which until the founding of the Empire, had established diplomatic relations with more then 100 projects.

Structure and name
Main article: Structure and name of Karnia-Ruthenia The monarch of the House of Götzö-Thomaz-Rocha rules as King of Ruthenia over the Kingdom of Ruthenia ("Lands and Kingdoms of the Crown of Ruthenia") and as Emperor over the Empire of Karnia ("Lands Represented in the Imperial Council of Karnia"). The micronation bore the official name of Karno-Ruthenian Monarchy, but it is often contracted to “Dual Monarchy” or simply referred to as “Ruthenia” or “Karnia”, but the full official name is “Lands and Kingdoms of the Crown of Ruthenia and the Lands Represented in the Council of Karnia”. The Empire is a unitary state, which guarantees a degree of autonomy for its administrative regions. The Imperial Diet is located in Persenburg, the imperial capital and seat of the Imperial Court. The Empire uses several macronational currencies, but also have a common currency, the Ruthenian Mark. Persenburg serve as the Monarchy's primary capital. The inspiration behind the structure and nomenclature of Karnia-Ruthenia is the Austro-Hungarian Empire, since Karnia and Ruthenia were inspired by the Monarchy of the Habsburgs and the union could be conveniently made the same way as Austria and Hungary did when they were united in 1867.

History
Main article: History of Karnia-Ruthenia

Background
On 19 November 2014, the now Emperor-King Oscar established the Throne of Ruthenia, declaring the private property of his family in São Paulo and Piauí, Brazil as an independent kingdom. The first three months of Ruthenia's existence were plagued by uncertainty and political instability , but King Oscar was able to maintain order and develop the kingdom. An Absolute Monarchy in the beggining, everything has changed with the Ruthenian Constitution of 2015. The Principality of Lomellina, a former ally of Ruthenia, was an enclave and exclave micronation with self-proclaimed territories in Antarctica, Italy and Greenland. On 20 November 2014, the Lomellinian Aristocracy proposed a government change in which the High Chanceller Richard Abreo-Louis had complete ruling power over the aristocracy members, in a decision that did not pleased D. Guilheme I, the Prince of Lomellina, since the prince had gave great autonomy to aristocracy. His denial caused the anti-absolutist campaign called "Lomellinian Revolt", and Richard Abreo-Louis was crowned as the constitutional successor of Prince Guilherme and his reign lasted only 3 days. On 01 December, Guilherme I was officially overthrowed by Richard Abreo-Louis after the capture of Castello di Valle, Lomellina's capital city. After the revolution, D. Guilherme I was exiled in the Autonomous Kingdom of the Savage Islands, where his cousin Francisco II was King. After a week in exile, D. Guilherme took the conclusion that he still held ruling power in Lomellina Consolato and founded the Duchy of Libertia within the city along with his Ducal Family. On 30 January 2015, D. Guilherme established contact with the King Oscar of Ruthenia, with the idea of annexing Libertia into his project, the Kingdom of Ruthenia, a request that was instantly accepted, since the two were old friends. King Oscar elected Guilherme as Chancellor of Ruthenia and a place his family between the other Ruthenian noble houses. Once established and stabilized, the Ruthenian Government restarted the expansion plans. On 30 June, the Government of Ruthenia annexed the Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, located on the eastern portion of Antarctica, which came to be known as Grand Duchy of Gaussland  and on 15 December 2015, Oscar of Ruthenia dethroned King Eitan of Acrin, assuming the throne of the Kingdom of Acrin and annexing it to Ruthenia. Karnia was founded on 02 February 2016 at Prague, Czech Republic through a political act signed by Anton Wenzel, who was elected as the first Kaiser of Karnia; Calvin Gustav, the first Minister-President and Louis Taünn, the President of the Imperial Council. Karnia was founded to preserve and celebrate the tradition of the Czech monarchy under the Habsburgs. After some weeks, the project didn't achieved the expectd result. Without a Constitution or a well estabilished system of government, the Karnian government understood they need help to estabilish themselves. Then, Kaiser Anton and the President of the Reichsratt, Louis Taünn found their help in the Ruthenian Government. For weeks, while both governments and their sovereign approached, the Ruthenian government provided help, teaching from the writing of decrees to the making of national symbols. They guided the creation of a page on Facebook and Twitter, as well as the material to be presented, but nothing was successful. With the break between the Kaiser and the Minister-President caused precisely by disagreements about the conduct of government, the government of Karnia requested Ruthenian intervention. The cost of this intervention to save the newly created project was to deliver the Imperial Crown to the King of the Ruthenians. In return, the project would be expanded and be at par with the Kingdom of Ruthenia. The result of this negotiation was the Karno-Ruthenian Compromise of 2016.

Foundation of the Empire
The Karno-Ruthenian Compromise of 2016 established the dual monarchy of Karnia-Ruthenia. The Compromise established partially the sovereignty of the Empire of Karnia, separate from, and not a subject to the Kingdom of Ruthenia. Under the Compromise, the lands of the House of Ruthenia were reorganized as a real union between the Ruthenian Kingdom and the Empire of Karnia. The Cismare (Ruthenian) and Transmare (Karnian) regions of the state were governed by separate parliaments and prime ministers. Unity was maintained through rule of a single head of state, reigning as both the Emperor of Karnia and King of Ruthenia, and common monarchy-wide ministries under his direct authority. The armed forces were combined with the Emperor-King as commander-in-chief. It is attached to the treaty the document establishing the personal union between the Kingdom of Ruthenia and the Kingdom of Horvatia. This made the Ruthenian State much larger than the Karnian State, which imposed a dominant position of Cismare over Transmare. Soon after the signing, it became customary for the minorities of the empire (Acrinians and Horvatians mainly) demanded the Imperial and Royal Government to grant privileges and favors to balance the autonomy of the members of the empire.

Empire expands
On 18 May 2016, after weeks of diplomatic talks and negotiation with the Emperor-King of Karnia-Ruthenia, the Grand Duke Christian of Letzembourg, a member of the Karno-Ruthenian Government, presented a manifest demanding the union of the Grand Duchy of Letzembourg union with Empire. Relying on certain prestige and no opposition from the Imperial and Royal Government, the Emperor-King announced the government accepted the terms of the manifest. The union was made official with the proclamation of the Empire, transforming the grand duchy in an associate state of the Empire. The union caused a Constitutional Reform, since Letzemburgers and Horvatians demanded numerous guarantees of equality between the states of the Empire. A week later, the Duchy of Romitria joined the Empire. During the month of June, two ministries were created: the Ministry of Strategic Affairs, responsible for the development of new approaches from the Imperial and Royal Government to its citizens and foreigners and the Ministry of Antarctic Affairs , to protect, defend and clarify the situation of the Antarctic continent and specially the current status of the Grand Duchy of Gaussland. On 01 July, after weeks of negotiation and a history of friendship between Imvrassia and Ruthenia, it was decided that the smallest province of Imvrassia, Argadia, that became independent from Imvrassia on 23 June 2016 would join the Empire as a duchy. The status of the Duchy of Argadia was established to be equal to the other member states of the Empire, but strengthened the European side of the micronation, becoming the third state member of Karnia-Ruthenia established on the continent. On 09 July 2016, the Household of Their Royal Highness-es the Co-Domnitori Alexander XII and Oscar I, has announced that the Domnitor Oscar abdicated from the princely throne of the Carpathia leaving the throne solely to Alexander XII. This was done as a part of the Treaty of Alexandrești, signed between the two co-Domnitori, by which the Carpathia would become a constituent state of the Karno-Ruthenian Empire. During this period, the Empire's relationship with Francophone micronations was at its peak and was shown to be advantageous to the Empire. On 23 September 2016, after negotiations that lasted about a week, the Kingdom of Cumagne became the eleventh state of the Empire after the signing of the Treaty of Nison. In addition to a significant increase in its population, it enriches the cultural diversity of Karnia-Ruthenia, which now had French elements that would be absorbed from the union, whereas Cumagne would improve its own internal policies from their union with a strong and stable government. Despite the progress shown by the Empire's foreign policy, it also triggered separatist processes. On 09 October 2016, the Duke Edward of Romitria informed the Emperor-King the desire to secede the Duchy of Romitria from the Empire. The request was accepted and made official by the Imperial Decree n. 048-2016. The next day, the Principality of Carpathia also left the Empire.

Rise of nationalism
The growth of the Empire brought alliances, but also enemies. While some of these alliances have been established in a way that became part of the Empire itself, as was the case of the Kingdom of Cumagne, the foreign policy of the Empire, increasingly self-centered, devoted to the government some foreign enmities in the same extent that earned more respect from other micronational projects. The first major demonstration of a external policy uniquely focused in the interests of the Empire was the withdrawal from the Antarctic Micronational Union, which broke ties already frayed with former micronational alliances based in Russia, which ended up bringing Western micronationalists closer to the Empire and had wide national approval. This dissatisfaction with previous alliances and the eventual rupture with them brought to the Empire other micronationalists of the most varied and impelled foreign relations. Immediately, the Duchy of Appinfeldt, an American micronation, joined the Empire four days after the withridaw of the Antarctic Micronational Union. Within the Empire, the forces of opposition to the Dual Monarchy lost their disposition, leading to the creation of the Tsechian Federation, a micronation composed mostly of Ethnic Czechs who refused Oscar I as their king, despite joining the Empire. The number of citizens grew little, but guaranteed a place for another culture within the Empire, making more heterogeneous the ethnic composition of Karnia-Ruthenia. However, agreements reached between Karnians and the Emperor-King made it possible for a small portion of the territory to be under direct domination of the Empire - the Duchy of Taschen - only as a "moderating protection" if necessary.

The January coup attempt
Main article: 2017 Karno-Ruthenian coup d'état attempt The 2017 Karno-Ruthenian coup d'état attempt, also known as the "January coup d'état attempt" was an unsuccessful coup d'etat in Letzembourg, against the government of Karnia-Ruthenia. The Republican Robert Bailey attempted to overthrow the government of Guilherme, Duke of Libertia and Archduke Anton of Karnia just five hours after acquire Karno-Ruthenian citizenship. Bailey was succeeded in contact several ministers of State in an attempt to secure support to invalidate the mandate of the Prime Minister of Karnia and the Minister-President of Ruthenia. All the people contacted by Bailey to join his endeavor to create a "Merchant Republic" refused to follow confusing ideas, and eventually the coup ended with his conviction and in a return to the status quo ante. There were no significant consequences.

Adhesion to the Empire
On 19 February 2017, the Imperial Government was surprised by a manifesto issued by the Principality of Scotia, in which the princely government requires the union of the principality to the Empire, making it a member state of Karnia-Ruthenia. The next day, the Principality of Nossia, which had been discussing a possible union for months, opted for a different output after judging that there would be much interference from the Empire in their internal affairs: it requested that the principality, instead of becoming a member-state, was transformed into a protectorate. After hours of discussion, the Imperial and Royal Council approved the union of Scotia to the Empire, but made demands about Nossia: the protectorate would last for a month and at the end of the term, or the principality would join the Empire, or would be independent again.

Antonian Revolution
Main article: Antonian Revolution The Antonian Revolution was a political revolution in Tsechia, which resulted in the collapse of the Tsechian government after disagreements between the Regent and Head of State of the Tsechian Federation, Anton Wenzel and the Protector of the Tsechian Federation and Head of Government, Calvin Gustav. The revolution was first an internal affair in Tsechia, but spread after the between rebel forces loyal to the government of Calvin Gustav exposed their intention to declare independence from Karnia-Ruthenia. With little collateral damage and no change in the daily life of the Empire, Gustav's attempt to declare independence failed by sheer lack of adherence to his plans and unknown figure, but also demonstrated the confidence of the citizens in the imperial government, which, acting with leniency, was much less harsh than expected and, in part contradicting the claims of the Tsechian government, maintained its civil rights and citizenship.

Reconquest of Carpathia
On 10 October 2016, Domnitor Alexander XII of Carpathia informed the Emperor-King the desire to secede the principality from the Empire. The request was accepted and made official by the Imperial Decree n. 049-2016. The principality, from that date until the fall of the Empire of Pavlov on 12 May 2017, was part of that Empire and, from this date to 21 June 2017, the principality was virtually without government, but nominally under the control of the Government of Hasanistan. As Karnia-Ruthenia and Pavlov became rival nations until Pavlov's fall, a law that made Pavlovians personas non gratas remained valid, and the Hasanistani Government broke diplomatic relations with Karnia-Ruthenia to force the Emperor-King to review the decree. At first, the Emperor lamented the rupture of diplomatic relations, but understood the motives and would not revoke the decree. However, the Hasanistani Government reported that this was a measure to draw attention to the problem, which was harshly criticized by the Imperial Government for being an extreme measure. Since then, the Hasanistani Government, the former Domnitor of Carpathia and the Grand Duke of Letzembourg have sealed an agreement to resolve the impasse. With the connivance of the Emperor-King Oscar of Karnia-Ruthenia, also a Domnitor deposed the previous year, Christian of Letzembourg contacted the then Domnitor Alexander XII to reunite the principality to the Empire. The result of these negotiations is the Treaty of Gretzenmarcher, signed by both on 22 June 2017, which incorporated the Carpathia to the Empire after Alexander XII abdicate in favor of Christian of Letzembourg. The cession of Carpathia was seen as a goodwill sample from the Hasanistani Government which was accepted with relief by the Empire, which in addition to expanding, solved a serious diplomatic issue.

Strengthened Democracy
After the Reconquest of Carpathia and a strengthening of its image abroad, as well as the participation in intermicronational diplomatic events like the Micronational Republican Forum and the Congress of Colo, the prestige of the Empire led several micronations to discuss the probability of joining the Empire, but this process would be barred by the new Constitution, produced by the Constitutional Commission and approved by the Emperor-King on 01 August 2017. The new constitution, the third in force throughout history, ensured numerous new rights to the population, like a more representative and less confused democracy through a unified parliament, the Imperial Diet. Making the state leaner and more efficient was one of the commission's biggest challenges, which made the Empire a unitary and cohesive state. This made the Empire more distant from the Austro-Hungarian model chosen at first, which made the state structure more like a modern state. Concomitantly, there was a great flourishing of national culture and great strides towards the creation of a common nationalist sentiment, despite the differences between the regions of the Empire. This made possible the elevation of Carpathia to the status of Kingdom within the Empire and even to the succession to the throne of Horvatia, which would no longer be in personal union with the House of Götzö-Thomaz-Rocha, which in turn would also be a further departure from the terms of the Karno-Ruthenian Compromise of 2016.

Horvatian Nationalism
The House of Agram, from August 2017, instilled nationalist sentiments in the local population to force its own rise to power. Through long negotiation and good relations between the Imperial Crown the then Ban, the Agrams would ascend to the Throne of Horvatia. In the early morning of 03 September, Oscar I abdicated the throne in favor of Prince Joseph Cicero of Agram, father of Ban of Horvatia and head of the ducal house. Horvatia continued a country within the Empire, but the post of Ban of Horvatia was declared descontinued. With strong popular pressure to verify the progress promised through the change in the reigning house of Horvatia, King Joseph Cicero abdicated in favor of his son, Duke Weslley of Agram, 25 days after taking the throne. Unable to verify any measure that could sustain his reign, King Weslley abdicated on 03 October, having reigned for only 05 days. He resigned by returning the throne to the Emperor-King of Karnia-Ruthenia. After the event, the ducal family, and especially the Duke of Agram, abstained from participating in national politics, being exonerated from their posts and leaving for exile.

Axvalley joins the Empire
Founded as the Principality of Axvalley, it was a Austenasian Crown Dependency annexed by an Imperial Decree that same year. At that time as it still today, Axvalley is governed by its founder, Rubens Machado, who ruled as Governing Commissioner in the name of the Austenasian ruler. After some prosperity in the first years of existence, all micronational activity expired in Axvalley, and the new times called for new measures - at least, that was the vision of Emperor-King Oscar. A longtime friend of the Duke of Kürzung and having addressed the issue on several other occasions, he succeeded in mid-August, when the then Governor of Axvalley sent an act to the Austenasian parliament informing the desire for emancipation, which was accepted by the Austenasian government only on 06 August 2017, which mistakenly believed that the project would dissolve. With the treaty of merging signed on 01 August 2017, the imperial government was informed and received the news with enthusiasm. Rubens Machado had already participated in the celebrations for the Empire's Day in his new capacity, but the treaty was delayed to be presented to the Imperial Diet in the face of worsening relations between Austenasia and members of the Congress of Colo, of which Karnia-Ruthenia was part. Although not directly involved and without any connection with Austenasia, the imperial government opted to wait for a moment of less tension. The treaty was approved in the afternoon of 04 October 2017 and the fact was celebrated by the government, which saw its population and territory expand significantly. At the Imperial Court the sensation was of a more personal joy, since it now had a figure who had the Emperor's graces and held him in the highest esteem.

Internal threats
Despite the exponential growth of the Empire, most of the threats originated from abroad. However, the greatest enemy ever faced by the Empire was a citizen. Thomas of Cumagne was King of Cumagne and reached the position of Imperial Chancellor. After several months of cooperation and having effectively aided the Empire, he began to resent the influence of the Duke of Libertia and aspired to violate the constitution and probably to remove the Emperor from the throne. His intentions are still unclear today, but on 24 October 2017, he was removed from Chancellor's post after he overthrew the official forum of the Empire, leading to the loss of hundreds of government documents and hacking government emails. However, for months before that, he devised a scheme, simulating two micronations to humiliate the Emperor and incriminate him to create a false war - the Juznoslavia War. Over the next few weeks, he faked data to justify himself and defame the Emperor as a tyrant and a liar. Cumagne left the Empire, taking with him the majority of the population of Francophone origin and placing the Empire under unfounded threats, but widely diffused by third parties with shady interests. In January of the following year, the Empire regained the number of citizens that existed prior to the "Malaise", nomenclature to define the chaos that Thomas of Cumagne attempted to install in the Empire and on 23 February 2018, the trial to judge Thomas de Cumagne for more than 10 criminal conduct ended with the partial dismissal of the charges, once proven the guilt of Thomas de Cumagne. With the matter duly settled, many traces of his administration were erased, and the traitor's nickname was indelibly associated with his name.

Expansion to the East
The Empire's ambitions to expand never were a State secret, but neither were at any time a political platform of government. After several problems caused by its constant growth, as the infamous "Malaise de Cumagne", the territorial expansion was a subject watched with the utmost caution. The entry into the Empire of a citizen of Japanese origin, Carl, Count Rostrand, was providential to realize one of the greatest expansionist contracts of the history of the Empire. Although very young and with difficulties to express himself in English, Carl von Rostrand had already participated in several other micronations and micronational organizations in Asia. Ambitious and controversial, he tried to negotiate the establishment of a micronation to be governed by him between late 2017 and early 2018, when he finally succeeded. After a long meeting between the Count and the Emperor-King, it was decided that the micronation Hakodate would be created in the Japanese city of the same name, occupying the Hakodate Park region. Having doubts about the maturity and viability of the project, even with great support from the imperial government, it was decided that Hakodate would be a concession, not an autonomous micronation. With the signing of the Treaty of Hakodate, the Empire now extended between the North and South America, Europe, Antarctica and, finally, Asia.

Reorganization in the North
On 01 July 2018, the Emperor-King Oscar I issued the Imperial Decree n. 152-2O18, that established Martial Law over the Principality of Scotia, a state of the Empire located in the Republic of Ireland. The reason behind the first martial law in Karno-Ruthenian history was the “ineptitude of the hereditary ruler of the Principality of Scotia”. In the text, the Emperor-King demanded a public commitment of Prince James IX & I for the return of the activities after more than one year without activity without prior government authorization, what is considered Crime Against the Administrative Order (Articles 17 and 19 of the Criminal Code). The decree also stated that the absence of manifestation would be understood as renunciation of his succession rights in his name and his descendants. That same night, the answer came, but unexpectedly. In a snobbish and playful tone, the prince simply said that he “did not wait for this news”. Outraged, the Imperial Government maintained its demands and waited for the 24-hour period for demonstration. In fact, waited for 28 hours until the 02 July, when Prince James IX & I was deposed as Prince of Scotia and transformed into a common citizen. Legal measures against their administrative inappropriateness, although foreseen in law and previous decree, were not taken at first. Between the decree of the Martial Law on 01 July and 07 July, the governance of the principality was under the supervision of the Command of the Fourth Army, quartered at Viden and summoned by the Emperor to enforce law and order. On the evening of 07 July, however, they were dispersed. The Imperial Decree n. 154-2018 united the states with Scottish and Irish culture, Appinfeldt and Scotia, which was renamed to Grand Duchy of Nordinsel. The new state with geographic possessions on both sides of the Atlantic would be governed by the most eligible of the candidates, Michael of Appinfeldt, who in addition to renowned ability as a military commander, diplomat and politician, also had Scottish and Irish ancestry.

The African Protectorate
Main articles: Treaty of Saint Michael of Socotra and Socotra On 16 August 2018, Emperor-King Oscar of Karnia-Ruthenia and Duke Michael of Solisia as Representative of Lemurian Empire, Captain-General of the Realm and Knight Grand Commander of the Lemurian Sword, signed the Treaty of Saint Michael of Socotra, which ensured that Lemuria would deliver the sovereignty over the Archipelago of Socotra (including Socotra Island, Abd al Kuri, Darsah and Samhah, hereinafter referred to as Socotra) with effect from 01 September 2018 and the Karno-Ruthenian Government declared that it would annex Socotra to the Empire with effect from 01 September 2018. The parties agreed to keep the terms of the treaty indefinitely, preserving the conditions that provide the signing of the treaty, stating that if the implementation of the treaty becomes infeasible to both parties, the signatories would to restore the status quo ante. The treaty also provides that Socotra would be a protectorate under imperial administration and the Karno-Ruthenian Government also declared its basic policies regarding Socotra.

Democratic Manifestations of November 2018
With the end of the I Legislature, tumultuous by the attempted coup d'etat perpetrated during the Malaise, in July 2018, a new electoral law was enacted. Written by Wilhelm von und zu Hochbach, the new electoral law would embody the democratic tradition of the Empire, while enabling a party relationship in the political scenario in highly professional level. It occurs that national political activity after the coup has declined. The society was accommodated with a long-term and moderate cabinet, and adherence to a party system was not exceptionally inviting, and only one political party was formed, the Patriotic Party, whose legalization took place over a longer period and has now become the only political party with permission to contest the elections. The Constitutional Party, the Moderate Party and the Objectivist Party were dissolved with the advent of the new law. With the lack of another political party, the elections scheduled for July 2018 were impossible. The Government tried to recruit more citizens, made several campaigns to favor political activity and was unsuccessful. At the beginning of November, political leaders from the Patriotic Party began a brief but effective campaign to force the situation to resolve, demanded the convening of new elections, while the Minister of Justice insisted on respecting the Constitution and maintaining the requirement that there should be at least one more party to convene elections for the II Legislature. On 06 November, leaders were invited by the Emperor to a meeting. After a long meeting, it was decided that the constitutional requirement would be respected and that the leaders would endeavor to co-opt more citizens and try to foster interest in national politics. From this meeting, the first sign of success was the approach of Margrave Karácsony and the Emperor of figures in the Lusophone sector of micronationalism, especially Ulli von und zu Eibenland-Sansbeurg. Created on 30 November 2018, the Duchy of Daugavia is a small monarchy surrounded by the city of São Paulo, a few kilometers away from the capital and heart of the Empire, Persenburg. Founded by Deltarian immigrants, it was headed by Duke Ulli of Daugavia, the reigning duke and until then, one of the youngest and most promising figures in Lusophone micronationalism. Leaving his home micronation behind with open doors, he ventured into the English-speaking sector of micronationalism and enjoyed sovereignty for a few hours. The founding of the duchy was aided by the Emperor-King of Karnia-Ruthenia, but conditioned to its future union with the Empire, becoming the fifteenth entity of the Empire, bringing a population of four people, being three women and therefore, composing the territory of the empire with greater female population until the present through the signinature of the Treaty of Ephigeniastadt. On 10 December, Eric Harris started a political campaign for the creation of a new political party. After consultations with the Emperor, his original plan to create a Republican Party or Labor Party was changed to create a Liberal-Democrat Party. Until mid-May 2019, the situation wasn't settled, but everything changed when Constitutional Party raised able to run for the coming elections and the Patriotic Party was considered fit to run. By this time, the Liberal-Democrat Party, that never succeeded in raise enough popular support, fell in grace and was disbanded. On 01 July 2019, the Emperor-King finally convene elections after two weeks of hard working of the Ministry of Justice and the political class to make it possible.

Growth in Asia
On 30 January 2019, Karnia-Ruthenia and Cardonia signed the Treaty of Libenstein. In this treaty, Karnia-Ruthenia formally annexed Cardonia following the turnover of internal and external affairs to Karnia-Ruthenia. Karno-Ruthenians commentators predicted that Cardonians would easily assimilate into the Empire, especially due the provision that the Karno-Ruthenian Concession in Hakodate would become part of the Cardonian territory. However, the development in Asia would be short under the King of Cardonia. The Imperial Diet dethroned King Carl Joseph on late December 2019, and confirmed the Emperor as the new king. By the abdication sent to the Diet by the former king, the Asian-Antarctic District's seat on parliament became vacant and Cardonia was confirmed as part of the Empire.

Conference of Persenburg
The Conference of Persenburg was held in frequent, scheduled sessions from 16 to 18 January 2019. The conference was held via Internet, in a Facebook discussion group to overcome obstacles of time and distance and aimed to discuss economy within the Lusophone sector of micronationalism, studying cases and exposing several topics of discussion, exploring the examples in process among the invited micronations. There was an intense exchange of experiences, especially on the creation of companies in the micronational sector, with emphasis on innovative measures were discussed to replace ballast, which in practice was less widespread in the micronational medium as a practical concept and foreign micronations and their established ballasts were mentioned. It was shown that few micronations made use of cryptocurrencies, as an expensive alternative and with few successful examples in the middle, although it was definitely an option. Partial interest in the establishment of a national stock exchange was shown to the detriment of one for the whole sector due to the lack of micronational activity and the unpopularity that legislation and regulation on the subject used to cause and it was found that despite many possible plans, the creation of an entity or body that professed common economic interests would be desirable and would be an instrument to promote economic integration.

End of conflict: former Pavlovians and Lostisland
On August 2019, after the opening of the II Legislature, was time to reorganize the foreign policies of the Empire and, after some negotiations carried by the King Christian of Carpathia, the Empire and the successors of the Empire of Pavlov, the Principality of Montescano, finally set aside their differences. Oscar I and Prince Deniz de Montescano, former Emperor of Pavlov signed a treaty of mutual recognition and exchanged honors, ending an unfriendly relationship since November 2016, which began to be resolved by the imperial government in January 2019, when the Emperor-King repealed the ban on Pavlovian and Lostislandic citizens.

The revival of Antarctic Micronational Union
In November 2016 Karnia-Ruthenia, along Flandrensis, Westarctica, Arkel and Campinia withdrew their membership in the Antarctic Micronational Union after a long debate about internal affairs and the preservation of Antarctica and ecologic issues. As a result of the mass exodus, the AMU slid into inactivity, and while the organization was never officially disbanded, it was no longer functioning. In the absence of a regulating body, Antarctic micronationalism once again became chaotic: existing claims were contested, new micronations started popping up without any regard to prior Antarctic claims. In December 2019 a number of current and former AMU members started negotiation talks, weighing the possibility of reviving the organization after been reunited for specific defensive occasions. These talks materialized on 24 February 2020, when the new Charter of the Antarctic Micronational Union was signed by the representatives of Hortania, Lostisland, Užupis, Karnia-Ruthenia, Westarctica, Missionary Order of the Celtic Cross and Montescano, who reconfirmed their membership in the revived organization. The Grand Duchy of Flandrensis opted out of rejoining the AMU, but announced a change in foreign policy, recognizing the territorial claims of all AMU members. The AMU Members reconfirmed the authority of Yaroslav Mar as the Administrative-General for a new term until 2024.

Brazilian sector of micronationalism
By the end of the month, after traditional micronationalists from Brazil started expose criticism on derivatism practice as “ignorant” and “dishonest”, a cision in the sector was eminent. Far beyond promoting derivatism among Brazilian aspirants to micronational practice, the derivatist micronationalists in Brazil intended to establish good terms with each other, in contrast to the rivalry of Brazilian micronations at the time and to present themselves to the other micronational sectors as a variant of Lusophone sector, a more friendly and open to micronational practices enshrined in the rest of the world. The Lusophone sector of micronationalism is known for modelism and simulationism, being the only micronational sector where this segment is the majority. Dissent to this current is usally ostracized and harassed. Thus, considering the Lusophonia a “closed system”, some derivatists projects noted they should organized themselves like other sectors, based this time not only on language, but also on geography and to establish more active relations with other linguistic and geographic sectors. The beggining of this cision within Portuguese-speaking micronationalism started in a conversation that happened on 12 March 2020 between the Emperor of Karnia-Ruthenia and the Queen of Manso, the leaders of the most successful derivative projects of Brazilian origin. The result of this conversation was the Treaty of Persenburg and the creation of the Brazilian Micronationalism group on Facebook. Most of the members were made up of micronationalists whose projects were of recent foundation, most had acquired experience in simulationist micronationalism, had contact with the foreign micronational movement, especially the English-speaking micronations, the called “Anglophone sector”, and were sympathetic to the ideas of creating their projects with based on the Montevideo Convention of 1933, which led to the signing of the Protocol of Goetha.

National colors and symbols
Main article: Flags and symbols of Karnia-Ruthenia or Armorial of the Karno-Ruthenian Empire

Politics
Main article: Imperial Diet Ruthenia and Karnia maintained separate parliaments each with its own prime minister under the monarch after the Karno-Ruthenian Compromise of 2016. After the Imperial Constitution of 2017, the parliaments were unified into one, the Imperial Diet, a bicameral parliament with representatives of all the regions of the Empire. In accordance with article 80, Chapter V of the Constitution, the Imperial Diet is the political body with the highest authority in government, responsible for administering legislative power, and is divided into an upper chamber, the House of Peers, and a lower chamber, the House of Representatives. The competences of the Imperial Diet are: authorize the declaration of war and the celebration of peace, override State of Exception declaration, authorize the ratification of international treaties, authorize the resignation of the Emperor and recognize the Crown Prince, authorize the marriage of the Emperor and the Crown Prince, supervise the activities of the Cabinet, give effect to motion of no confidence, elect by relative majority the Imperial Chancellor and enact constitutional amendments. The government comprises ministers for joint responsibilities (culture, finances, foreign affairs, immigration, imperial and royal household, information, interior and of defense) On June 2016, two ministries were created: the Ministry of Strategic Affairs, responsible for the development of new approaches from the Imperial and Royal Government to its citizens and foreigners and the Ministry of Antarctic Affairs, to protect, defend and clarify the situation of the Antarctic continent and specially the current status of the Grand Duchy of Gaussland. The last ministry created was of the justice, on 09 December 2016, related to the Imperial Supreme Court. This structure was maintained after the promulgation of the new constitution. The offices of Minister-President of Ruthenia and the Prime Minister of Karnia were created after the Comrpomise, but replaced by the office of Imperial Chancellor. The Imperial Chancellor of Karnia-Ruthenia, is the head of government of the Karno-Ruthenian Empire and leader of the Cabinet, appointing and dismissing its members. The Imperial Chancellor do not have a fixed mandate, leaving the office by resignation or motion of no confidence of the Imperial Diet. Among its competences, are exercise the highest authority in matters concerning the Government, head the Cabinet, appoint and dismiss the members of the Cabinet, upon the consent of the Emperor, advise and be advised by the Emperor, create and regulate imperial agencies, propose bills to the Imperial Diet, monthly take part in the Imperial Diet, in Ordinary Session, to answer the Questions to the Imperial Chancellor.

Law
At the beginning of Ruthenian history, which is the origin of the Empire itself and the state with the most profound legal tradition, did not have a single legal system, considering the use of common-law principles. However, when the General Assembly of the Kingdom was established, the development of more specific laws such as the Civil Code, eventually forced the creation of a different legal system of the intended previously. Therefore, extensive legislation was created between the years 2014 and 2016 until the signing of the Karno-Ruthenian Compromise of 2016. Since the states of the Empire were formed in a large majority of new micronations, most of the legislation would be coming from the proper legislative process of the Empire, which largely was the Ruthenian legislation adapted to this new situation. In 2016, after the Foundation of the Empire, the common Criminal Code and a Civil Code, adapted of Ruthenian versions of 2015 was introduced after the consolidation of the Constitution over all other constitutions of the states that composed the Empire. The legal culture of the Empire has always been very rich, but has become much improved over time, especially after the completion of the work of the Constitutional Commission and the promulgation of the new constitution.

Internal Affairs
The Karno-Ruthenian Compromise of 2016 created the semi-independent states of Ruthenia and Karnia linked by personal union under a common monarch, establishing a constitutional monarchy with a system of corporative federalism, a system of federalism not based on the common federalist idea of relative land area or nearest spheres of influence for governance, but on fiduciary jurisdiction to corporate personhood, where groups who are considered incorporated members of their own prerogative structure by willed agreement can delegate their individual effective legislature within the overall government. This system is similar to that used by the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a version of corporative federalism that gave its wide demographic of different ethnicities each their own individual rights within their own assemblies instead of by relation to the territory of the Empire. The Imperial Constitution of 2017, the third in force throughout Karno-Ruthenian history, ensured numerous new rights to the population, like a more representative and less confused democracy through a unified parliament, the Imperial Diet. Making the state leaner and more efficient was one of the commission's biggest challenges, which made the Empire a unitary and cohesive state. This made the Empire more distant from the Austro-Hungarian model chosen at first, which made the state structure more like a modern state.



Foreign Affairs
Main article: Foreign relations of Karnia-Ruthenia The foreign relations of the Empire are implemented by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Emperor-King and the prime ministers of each part of the Empire play a role in setting policy, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs have a voice and are the one who develop this policy. Since its founding, the Kingdom of Ruthenia and after the Karno-Ruthenian Compromise of 2016, the Karno-Ruthenian Empire and its government pays special attention to foreign affairs. One of the first ministries of government was precisely the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which was founded on the same day that the kingdom, on 19 November 2014. Diplomatic relations are conducted by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, but the leadership of Foreign Affairs is in practice, led by His Imperial and Royal Majesty, the Emperor-King. Karnia-Ruthenia monthly studies and develops diplomatic relations with several micronations around the world, maintaining cordial relations with everyone and accounting for only four international incidents, only two of whom suffered from more serious action by the government.

Military
Main article: Armed Forces of Karnia-Ruthenia The military system of Karnia-Ruthenia, based upon the principle of the universal and personal obligation of the citizen to protect his homeland. Its military force is composed of the Imperial and Royal Army, a Imperial and Royal Navy and a Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops. The common army is under the administration of the joint Minister of War and the Imperial General Headquarters. The Minister of War is the head for the administration of all military affairs and for all questions related to national defence of the states members of the Empire, but the supreme command of the army is vested in the monarch, who had the power to take all measures regarding the whole army as Commander-in-Chief. The Navy is mainly a defence force dedicated to the protection of Karno-Ruthenian interests in Gurguéia River, a river which is the natural border of the Principality of St. Peter and St. Paul and crosses the Principality of St. Stephen, which also forms the Lake of Dead River (Lago do Rio Morto, in Portuguese).

Constituent states
The Karno-Ruthenian Empire consists of several constituent states, the largest of which is the Kingdom of Ruthenia. These states were once independent micronations and were joining the Empire through treaties of personal union and ultimately, joining the Empire with the commitment to submit to his suzerainty. These associated states have a high degree of autonomy under the terms of the Imperial Constitution, but are subject to interference of the Imperial and Royal Council and the Emperor-King himself, who despite being the direct ruler of most of the Empire, has influence in other regions. From 20 February 2017, after the Imperial Decree n. 078-2017 enters into force, the first protectorate of the empire, the Principality of Nossia was created. Despite the relatively peaceful period, the principality chose to maintain its independence through a referendum held on 16 March 2017, the result of which was recognized by the Emperor-King of Karnia-Ruthenia the following day. The Principality of Carpathia was reunited to the Empire on 22 June 2017, following the Treaty of Gretzenmarcher and raised to the status of Kingdom on 02 August 2017. On 06 February 2018, due the Treaty of Hakodate, the Empire established the first concession of its history, the Karno-Ruthenian Concession in Hakodate, that would later be merged to Cardonia. On 16 August 2018, was signed the Treaty of Saint Michael of Socotra, in which it was agreed that the Empire of Lemuria would deliver the sovereignty over Socotra to the Empire, becoming the first imperial protectorate.

Culture
See also: Demographics of Karnia-Ruthenia The Karno-Ruthenian culture retains much of the European influence originally brought by the Imperial and Royal Family and the rulers of the states of the Empire. It places an important emphasis on family, religion, and traditions in general, such as respect for holy days. In Ruthenia, music consists mainly of traditional Hungarian folk music, especially the Csárdás, and music by prominent composers such as Béla Bartók, Vittorio Monti, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Georges Bizet, and also makes success the current pop songs. Other aspects of Ruthenian culture include Horse racing, Hunting (banned by the Royal Family since 2014), Masses on Sundays for the Catholics, and festivals between June and August dedicated to St. Anthony and St. John the Baptist, among others, where dancing around bonfires takes place. The culture is also largely influenced by the Lomellinian Culture, adopting most of the Lomellinian traditions and customs as well as certain similarities with the Portuguese culture and Italian culture. These two great European influences made, especially of Libertian culture, a romantic and flattering influence in the micronational world. In Libertia, is usual for a citizen say they have three main goals: Discover, considering that since the beginning, the Libertian ancestors dedicated their lives into discovering new lands and new ways of living; so, Libertians follow their actions into discovering new ways to improve it's citizen's lifes. Create, the best works of art always inspired the best minds of mankind into re-writting history as we know today, Libertians create those inspiring pieces to allow tehir citizens to improve and Preserve, the world's biggest archives helped the people understand their ancestors into improving what was already done, Libertians preserve that information, allowing the common citizen to learn more. Libertians, mainly the Grancasian people practice somekind of artform wich is one of the greater values of the duchy, the ducal family is often seen painting, composing, decorating and even writing pieces of art. Other cultures that influenced the Empire everyday are the Croatian culture brought by Horvatians and the Irish culture from Kingdom of Acrin. After the Compromise that united the Empire, these cultures began an exchange with each other, mixing tastes and habits, greatly enriched by Germanic cultural aspects brought by Karnia and Letzembourg. After the Treaty of Nison on September 2016, many French elements were observed in society and were introduced by the Cumagnaise.

Language
In everyday use, Portuguese is used by the majority of the subjects in Ruthenia, Libertia and Horvatia. In Court, the official language while still the Portuguese, the English and French has also regular use, especially by the government and it is the only language used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. But English is the official language after a plebiscite to decide which national language would be adopted by Ruthenia. Lusophones and Anglophones had split the Ruthenian government, disputing for power. The plebiscite ended with the victory of the supporters of the English language. With the formation of the Empire and the subsequent constitutional reform, English and Portuguese became the official languages of the micronation. The States of the Empire can edit legislation and make use of the Portuguese for their affairs, but in common subjects, only English is allowed. In some regions, French is also spoken among the population and in domestic affairs. On January 2018, the Carpatho-Horvatian language was presented to Emperor-King Oscar by King Christian of Carpathia. Carpatho-Horvatian is a Slavic-based language, including various elements from Serbo-Croatian and Russian. The name Carpatho-Horvatian comes from names of Carpathia and Horvatia and was created to be used in both Carpathia and Horvatia, as the two regions are heavily Slavic-based.

Religion
See also: Catholic Church in Karnia-Ruthenia Since the founding of the Kingdom of Ruthenia, religious freedom is guaranteed by law to all subjects. This guarantee was reassured in the Ruthenian Constitution of 2015 and in the Imperial Constitution of 2016. Due to cultural and social diversity of the Empire, the Roman Catholicism is predominant and is even the official religion of the Empire, according to the constitution. But the Unitarianism, Deism and Eastern Orthodoxy still enjoy official status. The Patron Saint of the Empire is St. Stephen, King of Hungary, also the patron saint of the Imperial and Royal Family. His cult acquire more strength when genealogical studies showed a kinship between the Imperial and Royal Family with King Ladislaus I of Hungary through Mary of Hungary, wife of Iaroslav Sviatopolchich of Volhinia and also a distant relative of St. Stephen. St. Stephen's feast is observed on 16 August, one of the most important holidays of the Empire. In Karnia, the patron saint is St. Adalbert of Prague and in Libertia, Leonardo da Vinci was made a kind of "patron saint", an example to be followed in the duchy which is Deist.

Cuisine
With variety as diverse as its society, eating habits suffer direct influence of European cuisine. The Ruthenian cuisine is marked by the conspicuous use of meat in many of its traditional dishes. Typically, Ruthenians feed on rice accompanied by beans, quite varied green salad, and meat and eggs. A popular dish is the barbecue, especially beef, served with sauces or with French bread. In Persenburg, popular dishes include lasagna, pizza, pancakes, and also the consumption of sweets such as cakes and pies, all inspired by the European habits of the inhabitants of the capital. In Libertia, the national food is the Lasanha de Peixe (English: Fish Lasagna) mixing the Lasagna from the Italian culture and the fish element from the Portuguese culture. It is one of the most cherished dishes in Grancasa and is often in celebratory days, mainly Christmas and Court dinners. Other traditional dishes are Bacalhau (Cod Fish), Canelones (Cannelloni) and all types of pasta and sauces. In Nordinsel, the favored dish is Feasgar nan Lochan (Feast of the Lochs). Reflecting the traditions of both Ireland and Scotland, and their extensive history of sea trade, Lochan is a dish of meatballs stuffed with spiced cheeses, wrapped in thick, peppered bacon, draped in Italian mozzarella cheese, and garnished with a glaze made from Moroccan dates, cinnamon and other spices, served with a generous slice of brioche.

National holidays
The national holidays are of paramount importance in order to inspire the Karno-Ruthenian people to celebrate their unique and extremely rich culture and exist holidays with fixed and with varying dates. National holidays were regulated by Imperial Decree 028-2016 and other specific laws.