Roschfallen

Roschfallen, officially the Grand Duchy of Roschfallen (Portuguese: Grão-Ducado de Roschfallen), is a enclaved micronation located in South America, completelly surrounded by Brazil. At 2 square kilometers (0.78 square miles) and with over 200 people, Roschfallenian territory is divided into enclaves in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro in three cities. The capital and the most-populated city is Triunphus. It have Portuguese as sole official language. Its territory comprises several buildings, alongside a vast unexplored natural area of Atlantic forest and a lagoon.

Roschfallen was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the settlement in 1565 by Estácio de Sá, who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire as part of it's new colony of Brazil. Roschfallen remained part of Portuguse Brazil until independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, which later became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup d'état. In 2014, Roschfallen was created as a micronationalproject, proclaiming it's independence from Brazil and claiming it's own private lands. Roschallen's current constitution, formulated in 2015, defines it as a semi-parliamentary unitary monarchy. The state is subdivided into 6 districts.

Roschfallen's economy is based on the added value of its properties, resources and profits, with the gross value of GDP reaching 4.5 million dollars, and the GDP per capita reaching the value of 21.000 dollars. Roschfallen until 2015 had a fast growing economy, mainly based on services and exports of industrial goods. Brazil is a founding member of the former Liberal League, an international alliance that brings together nations with liberal policies. Citizenship can be acquired by simply living in one of it's territories.

Etimology
The name "Roschfallen" is a German surname of a legendary warrior named "Lord Vissen Roschfallen" from the national folklore. According to the myth, Lord Vissen, as he was called, was a Prussian Baron who emigrated to the present territory of Roschfallen, establishing himself in the mountain region. Bearer of mental diseases, the baron proclaimed himself Lord of Roschfallen, proclaiming the independence of his 1.5 kilometers lands. The derivation of the name comes from the medieval Low-Saxon, meaning fallen stone.

Foundation
On 28 Januray 2014, the now Arthur, Grand Duke of Roschfallen established the Throne of Roschfallen, declaring the private property of his family in the Brazilian cities of Rio de Janeiro, Magé and Saquarema as an Grand Duchy independent from the Federative Republic of Brazil. The first year of Roschfallen's existence were plagued by uncertainty and political instability, but the Grand Duke was able to maintain order and develop the kingdom. An elective absolute Monarchy in the beggining, the country became a hereditary semi-parliamentary monarchy with the Roschfallenian constitution of 2015.

Founded as a Principality, the country soon became a Grand Duchy when the Grand Diet proclaimed Arthur, then Prince of Roschfallen as Grand Duke in 16 February 2014, conferring on him full powers. In the following months the political structure of Roschfallen was created based on the structure of the Holy Roman Empire, with the state divided into several duchies under the suzerainty of the Grand Duke, following the basic laws of state. In 30 April 2014 Lord Pedro Gastão was named the first Captain Regent of Roschfallen, as a co-Head of Government. Together with the Grand Duke they had appointed the first ministerial cabinet. The Grand Duke was solely responsible for appointing the judiciary officials; The Captain Regent was responsible for structuring the ministries; And both, together, made the first legal appointments to the Grand Diet. In July 2014 the Diet was renamed "Council of Fools" as a way of representing the participation of the people - fools - in the national policy of the nobles.

During this period a national aristocracy was created. In this first year, the power of the aristocracy took uncontrollable proportions to the government; the aristocrats and rulers of the federal states pressed for a democratic election to the title and rank of Grand Duke. Fearing to lose his power, the Grand Duke canceled the constituent project and granted a new constitution instituting Roschfallen as a hereditary monarchy and reformulating the system of government with the semi-parliamentary façade, while the Grand Duke still retained absolute powers over a politically controlled parliament, restricting the autonomy of the federal states and the power of their monarchs.