Roschfallen

Roschfallen, officially the Grand Duchy of Roschfallen (Portuguese: Grão-Ducado de Roschfallen), is a enclaved micronation located in South America, completelly surrounded by Brazil. At 2 square kilometers (0.78 square miles) and with over 200 people, Roschfallenian territory is divided into enclaves in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro in three cities. The capital and the most-populated city is Triunphus. It have Portuguese as sole official language. Its territory comprises several buildings, alongside a vast unexplored natural area of Atlantic forest and a lagoon.

Roschfallen was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the settlement in 1565 by Estácio de Sá, who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire as part of it's new colony of Brazil. Roschfallen remained part of Portuguse Brazil until independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, which later became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup d'état. In 2014, Roschfallen was created as a micronationalproject, proclaiming it's independence from Brazil and claiming it's own private lands. Roschallen's current constitution, formulated in 2015, defines it as a semi-parliamentary unitary monarchy. The state is subdivided into 6 districts.

Roschfallen's economy is based on the added value of its properties, resources and profits, with the gross value of GDP reaching 4.5 million dollars, and the GDP per capita reaching the value of 21.000 dollars. Roschfallen until 2015 had a fast growing economy, mainly based on services and exports of industrial goods. Brazil is a founding member of the former Liberal League, an international alliance that brings together nations with liberal policies. Citizenship can be acquired by simply living in one of it's territories.

Etimology
The name "Roschfallen" is a German surname of a legendary warrior named "Lord Vissen Roschfallen" from the national folklore. According to the myth, Lord Vissen, as he was called, was a Prussian Baron who emigrated to the present territory of Roschfallen, establishing himself in the mountain region. Bearer of mental diseases, the baron proclaimed himself Lord of Roschfallen, proclaiming the independence of his 1.5 kilometers lands. The derivation of the name comes from the medieval Low-Saxon, meaning fallen stone.

Before the proclamation of independence, the members involved in the creation of the new micronation decided to adopt the name Roschfallen for aesthetic reasons in return for the name of indigenous origin that baptized the territories of the nation. Between 28 January and 16 February the country was officially called the Principality of Roschfallen until its reorganization into a Grand Duchy.

Foundation
On 28 Januray 2014, the now Arthur, Grand Duke of Roschfallen established the Throne of Roschfallen, declaring the private property of his family in the Brazilian cities of Rio de Janeiro, Magé and Saquarema as an Grand Duchy independent from the Federative Republic of Brazil. The first year of Roschfallen's existence were plagued by uncertainty and political instability, but the Grand Duke was able to maintain order and develop the kingdom. An elective absolute Monarchy in the beggining, the country became a hereditary semi-parliamentary monarchy with the Roschfallenian constitution of 2015.

Founded as a Principality, the country soon became a Grand Duchy when the Grand Diet proclaimed Arthur, then Prince of Roschfallen as Grand Duke in 16 February 2014, conferring on him full powers. In the following months the political structure of Roschfallen was created based on the structure of the Holy Roman Empire, with the state divided into several duchies under the suzerainty of the Grand Duke, following the basic laws of state. In 30 April 2014 Lord Pedro Gastão was named the first Captain Regent of Roschfallen, as a co-Head of Government. Together with the Grand Duke they had appointed the first ministerial cabinet. The Grand Duke was solely responsible for appointing the judiciary officials; The Captain Regent was responsible for structuring the ministries; And both, together, made the first legal appointments to the Grand Diet. In July 2014 the Diet was renamed "Council of Fools" as a way of representing the participation of the people - fools - in the national policy of the nobles.

During this period a national aristocracy was created. In this first year, the power of the aristocracy took uncontrollable proportions to the government; the aristocrats and rulers of the federal states pressed for a democratic election to the title and rank of Grand Duke. Fearing to lose his power, the Grand Duke canceled the constituent project and granted a new constitution instituting Roschfallen as a hereditary monarchy and reformulating the system of government with the semi-parliamentary façade, while the Grand Duke still retained absolute powers over a politically controlled parliament, restricting the autonomy of the federal states and the power of their monarchs.

Consolidation
As of August 2015, with national policy stabilized, the national economy started to grow again, despite the strong economic crisis affecting the neighboring nation. The Roschfallenian government expanded its territory with the annexation of the region of the current Western Department through a process of possession in the Brazilian justice system through an indemnity in the amount of US$10.000 dollars. The region comprising the CondominuimAGros Morne Condominuium was expanded with the annexation of 200m² of uninhabited land, and thanks to increasing economic development, the region was severely revitalized and urbanized with the construction of new and modern buildings.

Well established, the central government had defined an international policy of mutual recognition among South American micronations to be followed up to the new year. In 14 January 2016, the Empire of Schneeblutig became the first micronation to recognize the independence and sovereignty of Roschfallen through a treaty of mutual recognition. Through the treaty, Emperor Petar I of the House of Karvalho granted the Grand Duke Arthur de Roschfallen the courtesy title of Prince of Schneeblutig. International relations were established with other micronations such as the Sultanate of Harran and the Kingdom of Manso.

During this period there was a large population increase with a constant flow of Brazilian, Portuguese and Argentinian immigrants who came to the country seeking residence or professional opportunities. All were naturalized citizens of Roschfallen, according to article 5 of the Constitution.

Contemporary Era
In August 2016, with the repercussion of the Brazilian political crisis and the positive reaction of the market, Roschfallen continued to thrive until December, as changes made in the economic policy of its neighbor caused exaltation and uncertainty about the directions of the Brazilian economy, consequently the crisis reached Roschfallen in full, causing a slight but slow economic recession.

Faced with the economic problems, the Grand Duke prostrated himself for the sake of helpfulness, giving his all to help to face the turbulent period for which the nation passed. Protests erupted throughout Rochfallen against the economic policy of then Minister of Finance Carlos Manoel dos Santos. Pressed by the population and parliament, the minister was fired from his post and was appointed to replace him then-Administrator of the capital, Reynald Loss. Loss was able to soften the effects of the crisis on the national economy through a more liberal economic policy, opening the market to foreign capital and making necessary and valuable investments that yielded 100% profits to the national economy.

Roschfallen was only able to completely get out of the economic crisis in July 2017 when it began receiving the first profits from the acquisition and expansion of its Western territory. Between December 2017 and January 2018 the country underwent serious administrative reforms to cut spending and soften bureaucracy. Since then, for example, the positions of Speaker of the House and High Inquisitor have been vacant. In February 2018 negotiations began with the Karno-Ruthenian government for the incorporation of the Grand Duchy to the Karno-Ruthenian Empire. On February 28 Karnia-Ruthenia recognized the independence and sovereignty of Roschfallen.