Eniarku

Eniarku, officially the Kingdom of Eniarku, is a territorial micronation with territories primarily in continental North America. The kingdom consists of several non-autonomous divisions, with Palmaire as the seat of the government. Eniarku was founded on 29 May 2009 as the Republic of Eniarku, a semi-presidential republic, but was soon reformed in 2010 to become the Democratic People's Republic of Eniarku, a state which later joined the Empire of New Europe and Ohio Empire to form the North American Confederation. Following a period of inactivity, the Empire of Eniarku was formed under the Eniarkian Monarchy, and was eventually transformed once more into the Eniarkian Confederation in October 2010, proceeding to become the longest lasting incarnation of Eniarku to date. After another lengthy period of inactivity, the current monarchy was established on 05 August 2015. The nation is situated in Midwestern U.S. state of Michigan, where it is bordered on all sides by the United States. The nation is not subject to any of the effects of the region’s mountain ranges, but is known for all of its territory being on the edge of the severe weather-rich region known as Tornado Alley. The territory is also known for its close proximity to Detroit, as well as being centered in the manufacturing region known as Automation Alley. The Kingdom of Eniarku is a semi-constitutional monarchy with a unitary style of governance, in which governmental responsibilities are distributed between the Crown through royal prerogative, the Council of State as the monarch's advisory body, and Parliament, the nation's legislative authority. Eniarku has remained generally neutral since the conclusion of the Austenasian Civil War in mid-2010, served as a member of NAMCO until the organization's inactivity, and was instated as a full member of the Grand Unified Micronational on 25 December 2016. The kingdom pursues a strict foreign policy dictated by His Majesty's Government.

Etymology
The name "Eniarku" comes from the original Republic of Eniarku, when Ukraine was simply reversed. To this day, no other etymological reasoning has been discovered.

Independence and early history
Eniarku was originally founded as a semi-presidential republic on 29 May 2009, by Aaron Meek and Mason Horn. Founded on the principles of equality and prosperity, Meek, as president, drafted the nation's first-ever constitution, which included basic laws and rights, as well as the powers of the government and established the three traditional branches of government. The nation was originally created as a social experiment, but quickly developed, joining the MicroWiki Community and establishing diplomatic relations with the Empire of Austenasia and the Republic of Molossia, two nations which heavily influenced the young republic. Near of the end of 2009, the nation experienced a rapid population spike, which resulted in the collapse of key government institutions; as a result, Meek dismissed the federal government, becoming Eniarku's de facto dictator for nearly three months, after which the population began to plateau. With the president holding near-absolute power over the state, he began enacting a series of sweeping policy changes that have now become known as the Red Reformation. The Eniarkian Worker's Party, now defunct, was established, and, on 15 February 2010, the Democratic People's Republic of Eniarku was created as a single-party communist state. The regime, led by the Worker's Party, installed Meek as Supreme Executive Commissioner, who continued to change and modify the country's array of domestic institutions, closely modeling them off of the now-defunct Democratic People's Republic of Erusia. Following the exposure of the so-called Lethler Experiment and death of Erusia in July 2010, the government was contacted by the Empire of New Europe and Ohio Empire, the latter of which had annexed itself to New Europe. After negotiations between Meek and Emperor Wilhelm I, Eniarku too agreed to New European suzerainty, a union which was originally known as the Movement for Tradition. After attempts at "rebuilding" the community failed, Wilhelm proposed full unification between the three states, at which point they would try to rejuvenate micronationalism on the North American continent. After nearly a month of negotiations, the nations formed the North American Confederation, which was, by claimed land, the largest North American micronation at the time of its creation. The nation, for a time, thrived under its new system, though it was not without its problems. Plans for an election had failed due to a lack of activity, territorial disputes with stubborn, young micronations persisted, and idealogical conflicts between both members of the government and foreign officials were prominent. In its final month, the most predominant issue was between the emperor and prime minister. William I had gathered new states that, like himself, wished for a move to the Micras, a motion that was quickly shot down by Meek and Marx, the foreign minister. Tensions soon flared, and Wilhelm announced his official abdication in early April 2011, and Prime Minister Meek announced the official dissolution of the confederation on 28 April 2011, and that all states would once again become independent, adding that Eniarku would be leaving the Community for an undetermined amount of time until its government was rebuilt. On 18 May 2011, the Empire of Eniarku was declared in what has come to be known as the White Reformation. This term has become common among royalists, especially those of the era, in order to distance the new nation from the failed Erusia, the dissolution of which led to reforms in many communist micronations of the time. The empire was one of Eniarku's less-successful incarnations, however, its leaders were largely successful in organizing the governmental structure which inspired that of the kingdom today. The Foreign Diplomatic Policy established during the empire continues to be a guiding force in the foreign affairs of the state as well, and the command hierarchy established within the Eniarkian Armed Forces is still roughly based on that of the imperial military.

Contemporary era
In the summer of 2011, the empire began its slow but steady decline, and leaders soon announced an "undetermined time of leave" from the community as they recreated the nation once more. This hiatus ended on 24 October 2011, when the Eniarkian Confederation was established as a federal parliamentary democratic republic. The confederation has been the longest-lasting incarnation of Eniarku from its date of establishment to its approximate date of inactivity; under the federal government, the nation partially reestablished communications with several North American micronations (primarily the Empire of New Europe) and its Supreme Court made several precedent-setting decisions. In mid-2012, the confederation began to experience more and more inactivity among its leaders, even Eniarku's original founder, Aaron Meek, and most skeptics consider the former federal government ceased all activity no later than February 2013. In the summer of 2015 however, the sparks of activity were reignited when Meek declared the Kingdom of Eniarku on 05 August 2015 as the official successor state to the confederation.

Government and politics
Eniarku is a semi-constitutional monarchy, in which the monarch is officially the head of state and source of executive power, while the typical day-to-day functions of the government are exercised by the Prime Minister, the head of government, who is appointed by the monarch and subsequently approved by Parliament. The Prime Minister serves as the head of the Council of State, the king's privy council and cabinet, members of which serve as the heads of the primary departments in His Majesty's Government. The official legislature of the kingdom is the unicameral Parliament of Eniarku, the body of elected officials charged with national lawmaking. Administratively, the kingdom is a unitary state, in which all power stems from the central government. Similarly to the United Kingdom, the constitution of Eniarku is uncodified and consists primarily of existing legal statutes, judge-made case law and international treaties. As a result, there is no technical distinction between what is considered "constitutional law" and ordinary policy, which allows the Parliament to essentially enact constitutional reform simply by passing an Act of Parliament. Despite the lack of a written constitution, the kingdom's laws and precedents have established a de facto state of law in which the central government exerts absolute executive, legislative, and judicial authority over the nation and its people. Executive power is exercised primarily by the Crown, with the Council of State serving as the king's privy council and cabinet, members of which typically sit in Parliament as well. Judicial powers are also vested in Parliament, as formal legal proceedings (such as those in a court setting) are rare. In this capacity, the legislature acts similarly to the United Kingdom's House of Lords prior to 2009, acting as the de facto supreme court.

Government
Eniarku is a semi-constitutional monarchy, in which the king plays an active role in the affairs of the state. The separation of powers is relatively absolute, however, as the powers of the key governmental institutions (namely the Crown, Council of State, and Parliament) remain independent with respect to much of the day-to-day government activities. The nature of the unique system in the kingdom has allowed for the development of the rule of law as well. The executive power is vested in the monarch of Eniarku, who typically delegates his or her responsibilities to members of the Council of State. Legislative authority is delegated to the Parliament, though the king is permitted to play an active role in the body's activities. Judicial powers are the de facto responsibility of Parliament as well.

Head of state
The kingdom is ruled by the monarch of Eniarku, either titled appropriately as King of Eniarku or Queen of Eniarku. Legally, the monarch has vast power over the affairs of state, though most of these powers are delegated to the government. Decrees issued by the king are binding, and all Acts of Parliament must be granted royal assent in order to become law. The monarchy is composed of the relatives of the current king, HM Aaron I, who altogether make up the House of Abbott. The throne is officially hereditary, with the successor being directly related to the current monarch. The king is advised by the Council of State (his privy council and cabinet), a body which the sovereign can consult for advice, but can also create executive policy quasi-independently. The Council is, institutionally, a part of the executive branch of His Majesty's Government.

Executive government
The government of Eniarku, known officially as His Majesty's Government, is composed of the Council of State in its capacity as the king's cabinet, as well as its subordinate departments and agencies thereof. The Council, officially headed by the monarch, is made up of the Ministers of State, each of which receive a title as a departmental head (e.g. Minister of ...) and as a Great Officer of the Crown, which are honorary titles of the royal court.

Politics
There are no political parties in Eniarku. All members of Parliament are required to operate as politically independent (even if their voting tendencies align with others), and are not permitted to form political parties. Ultimately, "voting blocs" are formed as MPs vote alongside each other, but the lack of formal groups provides for less legislative gridlock due to conflicting party platforms. The king plays a key role as both a unifying political force, as well as a policymaker in his own right. Though the current sovereign tends to allow Parliament to engage in debate and make laws at its own discretion, the monarch legally has the power to overrule parliamentary decisions, typically by refusing to grant royal assent.

Law & order
Law enforcement and maintenance of public order are the responsibility of Eniarkian Armed Forces, which acts as both the police and national defense force of Eniarku. The judiciary operates on a common law system, with the laws and statutes set forth by both the king and Parliament forming the basis of the the unwritten legal code. There are no permanent courts in Eniarku due to the rarity of crime, and in the event that a trial is necessary, members of Parliament are often called to serve as an ad hoc court in the name of the government.

Foreign Diplomatic Policy
The governing policy for the kingdom's foreign relations is the Foreign Diplomatic Policy of Eniarku. The document outlines the basic terms and conditions for foreign states that wish to engage in diplomatic relations with Eniarku, and is maintained jointly by the Ministry of State and the Crown by virtue of the sovereign's status as chief of the Eniarkian state. The foreign ministry does not officially publish the document in full, though its contents are available to foreign governments and officials upon request. Throughout its history, the policy has maintained strict guidelines and standards regarding Eniarku's diplomatic activities, to a point that the kingdom has relatively few formal relations with other states. Some of Eniarku's first diplomatic ties were between the Republic of Molossia, Empire of Austenasia and Empire of New Europe. The state was formerly a member of NAMCO and the Triune Alliance, and has served as one of the leading micronations in the North American sector. The winter of 2016 proved to be a time of thawing diplomatic strictness, particularly with the kingdom's bid for membership in the Grand Unified Micronational — a bid that proved successful on 25 December when the Quorum voted to instate Eniarku as a full member of the organization.

National defense
The armed forces of Eniarku—officially, His Majesty's Armed Forces — are the official police and self-defense forces of the kingdom. The forces are administered by the Ministry of Defense, and the Commander-in-Chief is the Eniarkian monarch, Aaron I, to whom all members of the forces swear allegiance. The armed forces are charged with protecting the kingdom and its overseas territories, promoting Eniarku's global security interests and supporting public order and law enforcement within the state. The most recent large-scale event in which the armed forces were involved was in the 2010 Austenasian Civil War; since that time, Eniarku has maintained a state of armed neutrality similar to that of Switzerland. The state rarely enters into military agreements with other nations in order to continue this trend. The sole intelligence agency of Eniarku is the General Intelligence Directorate (GID) that operates both domestically and abroad. The directorate is one of the oldest institutions of the Eniarkian state, having been created in 2011 during the time of the Eniarkian Confederation, and maintains a secretive yet storied history. The agency maintains wide jurisdiction in its activities, and works closely with His Majesty's Armed Forces to ensure both domestic law and order, as well as national safety from foreign threats. Directorate employees are officially tasked with providing crucial intelligence to Parliament, the Council of State and the king to aid them in making key decisions.

Geography
"Eniarku proper" is composed of approximately 100 square meters of claimed land, completely surrounded by the U.S. state of Michigan. The government exerts much influence over this small area, but officially lays claim to just under 40 square miles of surrounding land (and water) as well.

Administrative divisions
Prior to the establishment of the kingdom in 2015, Eniarku has undergone numerous internal reorganizations related to administration. Many of the recent incarnations were federal states, and as such, the governments of those states lost administrative control over the semi-autonomous regions, resulting in their eventual reclaim by the federal government and loss of devolution. In its current form, Eniarku is organized as a unitary state, in which municipal subdivisions are often created for ease of representation in Parliament or for a member of the royal family to rule on behalf of the monarch. As such, any subdivisions have merely de jure legal existence, with almost no allowance for self-rule.